改革开放后农村双层经营体制下集体作用研究——以太原市郊区农业发展为例

Research on the Role of the Collective under the Rural Dual-level Management System after Reform and Opening-up——A case study of the agricultural development in suburbs of Taiyuan City

在实行家庭联产承包责任制后,农民的生产积极性获得了极大的解放,粮食产量屡创历史新高,农业经济获得了巨大的发展。包产到户是国家层面的理论探索和群众层面的实践探索相结合的产物,它顺应了当时生产力的发展要求和农业发展状况。但是随着生产力的逐步提高和新型大农业生产趋势的出现,这种以单个农户家庭的生产经营为主的农业经营体制遇到了农田水利设施老化、农业机械难以推广等一系列问题。这些问题说明了农户分散经营带来的弊端,引起了党中央和各级地方政府的高度重视。经过党中央顶层设计与各级地方基层探索相结合表明:只有发挥集体的作用、壮大集体组织的经济实力进行统分结合、双层经营才能有效地应对分散经营带来的一系列问题。集体作用的重提、集体经济组织的壮大成为了解决分散经营难题的关键。

After the implementation of household contract responsibility system,farmers＇ enthusiasm for production has been greatly liberated,grain production has repeatedly reached a new record,and agricultural economy has been greatly developed. To fix farm output quotas on the household basis is the combination of theoretical exploration at the national level and practical exploration at the mass level,which conforms to the demand of the development of productive forces and the development of agriculture at that time. However,with the gradual improvement of productivity and the emergence of a new trend of large-scale agricultural production,this agricultural management system,which is dominated by the production and management of individual peasant households,has encountered a series of problems,such as the aging of irrigation and water conservancy facilities,the difficulty of popularizing agricultural machinery,and so on. These problems illustrate the defects brought about by the decentralized management of farmers,and they have aroused the attention of the Central Committee of our Party and local governments at all levels. Through the combination of the top-level design of the Party Central Committee and the exploration of the local basic units at all levels,it is shown that only by giving full play to the role of the collective and strengthening the economic strength of the collective organizations,can the dual-level management effectively deal with a series of problems brought about by the decentralized management. With the reintroduction of the collective role,the expansion of collective economic organizations has become the key to solve the problem of decentralized management.