苏联的民族理论、政策及其启示

The Ethnic Theories and Policies of the Soviet Union and Their Enlightenment

在多民族的国家里,民族政策的正确与否,对国家的生存与发展至关重要。苏联是一个多民族的国家,民族问题复杂。自1922年12月苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟成立之日起,列宁就强调(苏联)各民族平等原则,警惕大俄罗斯沙文主义。然而列宁去世后,苏联领导人在民族政策上的某些失误,导致民族之间隔阂加深,少数民族对联盟的离心倾向不断加重,最终助推了苏联的分裂。中国也是多民族国家,如何坚持马克思主义民族理论,值得很好研究。科学实施民族政策是国家统一与富强的重要因素。

In a multi-ethnic country,whether the ethnic policies are correct is vital to the survival and development of the country. The Soviet Union is such a multi-ethnic country where the ethnic problem is complex. Since the foundation of the Soviet Union in December 1922,Lenin has stressed the principle of equality among all the peoples of the Soviet Union,and been on guard against the Great Russian chauvinism. After the death of Lenin,however,the Soviet leaders made some mistakes in national policies,which leaded to deepening the gap between ethnic groups. As a result,ethnic minorities increasingly aggravated the centrifugal tendencies and ultimately boosted the Soviet split. China is also a multi-ethnic country,so how to adhere to Marxist national theory and policy is well worth studying,and the implementation of such national policies scientifically is an important factor for national unity and prosperity.