国家主体性、国家建构与建设现代化经济体系——基于西欧、美国与中国的现代化发展经验

National Subjectivity,State Building and the Development of the Modern Economic System: Based on Western European,US and Chinese Experience in Modernization

“建设现代化经济体系”是当前我国经济体制改革的一个重大命题。从发达国家的现代化经验来看，西欧的国家传统和美国的制造业传统是国家富强和实现现代化的内在关键；从“中国奇迹”的基本规律来看，正确处理政府与市场的关系是社会主义市场经济取得成功的根本原因。文章通过对现代化经验的比较分析和借鉴吸收，结合建设现代化经济体系的战略安排，提出以下三条建议：第一，在发展导向上凸显新时代中国特色社会主义的国家主体性；第二，在经济体制上基于政府与市场的辩证关系强化有效国家建构；第三，在产业体系上大力发展以制造业为核心的实体经济。

The development of the modern economic system is an important proposition of China＇s current economic reform. From the perspective of developed countries＇ experience in modernization, the national tradition of Western Europe and the manufactur- ing tradition of the United States are the key to their prosperity and strength and to their modernization. From the basic law gover- ning China＇s miracle, correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market is the fundamental reason for the success of the socialist market economy. Therefore, through the comparative analysis of the modernization experience and absorp- tion, plus the strategic arrangement of the development of the modern economic system, this paper offers the following three sug- gestions： first, in terms of development orientation, the national subjectivity of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era should be highlighted; second, effective state building should be strengthened based on the dialectical relationship between the government and the market in the economic system; third, the substantial economy with manufacturing should be developed as the core in the industrial system.