马克思价值转形问题再研究——历史过程与逻辑过程统一的视角

Further Research on Marx’s Value Transformation:A Perspective Integrating the Historical and Logical Processes

价值转形不仅仅是一个价值向生产价格转化的逻辑过程，而且是一个包含社会生产发展演化的价值转形条件生成的历史过程。马克思对价值转形过程的分析，蕴含其对价值转形过程的历史分期。按照马克思对这一进程的历史分期，价值规律发挥作用的形式经历了由商品按照个别价值（商品所包含的劳动量）交换向按不完全市场价值交换、按市场价值交换和按生产价格交换的历史转化过程。这一历史转化进程所涉及的市场价值、资本及其构成以及生产方式演化等范畴，构成了价值转形逻辑过程不同的中介，借由这些具有历史规定的中介范畴，马克思完成了价值转形逻辑过程的分析。因此，科学地把握价值转形理论，必须回到社会经济系统及各要素的生成历史，回到马克思经济学体系构建中所遵循的历史方式与逻辑方式相统一的方法，才能真正地理解价值转形为什么是一个自洽的科学的论断，进而消除各种纷争。

Value transformation is not only a logical process of value transforming into production prices, but also a historical process that gives rise to the value transformation conditions and involves the development and evolution of social production. Marx＇s analysis of the process of value transformation reflects his historical staging of this process. According to Marx＇s historical staging of the process, the law of value plays its part in a series of historical transformation processes which include commodity ex- change based first on individual value （the labor input in commodities） and then on imperfect market value, perfect market value and production prices. The elements involved in this historical transformation process, including market value, capital and its composition as well as the evolution of production mode, constitute different intermediaries in the logical process of value transfor- mation. Marx analyzed the logical process of value transformation with the help of these intermediaries with historical implica- tions. Therefore, scientific understanding of value transformation theory must come down to the historical creation of the social e- conomic system and its elements and an approach integrating historical and logical methods in developing Marxist economics. Only by doing so can we really understand why value transformation is a self - consistent scientific judgment and thus eliminate various disputes.