国家能源低碳转型与可再生能源发展:限制因素、供给特征与成本竞争力比较

National Energy Low-Carbon Transformation and Renewable Energy Development: Restricted Factors,Supply Characteristics and Comparison of Cost Competitiveness

在新一轮产业革命与技术革命的背景下，第三次能源转型正悄然发生，对国家能源体系及经济发展均产生了重要影响。此次能源转型对于国家而言，更深层次的意义在于，新能源产业及低碳技术发展将是拉动经济增长的重要引擎，是国家重塑全球产业竞争力的重要途径和标志。文章从经济学视角分析了重要转型能源（可再生能源）的供给特征与成本竞争力，将经济学与资源本身的物理特性相结合，诠释可再生能源发展的经济机遇及其面临的严峻挑战。

In the new round of industrial and technological revolution, the third round of energy transformation is quietly occur- ring, which has an important impact on the national energy system and economic development. The energy transformation for the country not only means energy - saving and emission - reduction, but more importantly, the new energy industry and low - carbon technology development will be an important engine of economic growth, and the country can reshape its global industrial competi- tiveness. This paper analyzes the supply characteristics and cost competitiveness of renewable energy from the perspective of eco- nomics, and compares its internal and external costs with other energy, especially nuclear energy. In the national energy transfor- mation, according to the combination of economics and the physical characteristics of renewable energy itself, we interpret the e- conomic opportunities for renewable energy development and its severe challenges.