国家治理视野中的贤能政治及其限度

Political Meritocracy and Its Limits from the Perspective of State Governance

贤能政治研究运用文化分析的方法，探寻中国发展的内生原因，认为传统的尚贤文化塑造了普通民众的社会心理和领导集团的执政方式。贤能政治的倡导者通过挖掘传统文化与现代国家之间的纵向联系，并在与西方选举民主横向比较的意义上，论证了尚贤制相对于民主制的优势。然而，贤能政治突出精英选拔在国家治理中的主导作用，忽视了不断扩大的政治参与对民主发展的积极意义。文章认为，政治发展的目标不是将民主机制嵌入贤能政治，而是将贤能机制嵌入民主政治，通过法治化的方式推动民主制度建设。

Based on cultural analysis, meritocratic research seeks the internal cause of China＇s development, which insists that traditional culture shapes the social psychology of the public and the ruling mode of leading groups. Researchers explore the verti- cal relationship between traditional culture and modern state, and demonstrate the advantage of the meritocratic selection system when compared horizontally with the election systems in Western democracies. Political meritocracy stresses the dominant role of elite selections, which ignores the positive effect of gradually expanding political participation on democratic development. Em- bedding the meritocratic mechanism into democratic politics, instead of embedding the democratic mechanism into political meri- tocracy, is the goal of political development, which will promote the construction of democratic institutions by rule of law.