晋陕蒙典型化石能源开发区土地利用变化及其生态响应

Land Use Change and Its Effects on Ecological Response in Typical Fossil Energy Development Zones in Shanxi,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia

以晋陕蒙典型化石能源开发区———晋陕蒙接壤区为例,基于1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年5期土地利用遥感解译数据,采用土地利用转移矩阵模型和土地利用转型的生态响应模型,研究1995—2015年区域土地利用变化特征及其生态响应。结果表明：（1）1995—2015年,研究区耕地和草地面积分别减少676 km2和1 808 km2,林地、建设用地、水域和未利用地面积分别增加1 063 km2、966 km2、29 km2和426 km2,耕地、草地和未利用地的相互转换是土地利用变化的主导类型。（2）1995年以来,区域生态系统服务价值呈现增长态势,20 a间共增加了1.86×10^（10）元,其中林地、草地和水域的贡献最为突出。（3）近20 a,区域环境质量整体呈现先上升后下降的演变态势,在地域上存在恶化、稳定和改善3种演化类型,分别占区域总面积的21.89%、57.08%和21.03%。（4）水域、草地和林地的退化是区域环境质量恶化的主导因子,耕地和未利用地转换为草地、林地和水域,以及草地转换为林地和水域是区域环境质量改善的重要驱动因子。

Research on land use change and ecological response in typical fossil energy development zones is of significance in optimizing the land use pattern and improving the ecological quality.In this paper,a case study on land use change and its effects on ecological response in typical fossil energy development zones in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous region was carried out based on RS and GIS.The purposes of the study were to acquire the land use data in 1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2015 and analyze the characteristics of land use change and its ecological response by using the methods of transfer matrix of land use change and ecological response of land use transition.The results revealed that,during the period from 1995 to 2015,the areas of arable land and grassland were reduced by 676 km2and 1 808 km2,and those of forestland,residential land,waters and unused land were enlarged by 1 063 km2,966 km2,29 km2and 426 km2,respectively.The land use was changed apparently with an inter-conversion of arable land,grassland and unused land.In recent 20 years,the value of regional ecosystem services was increased gradually with an increase of 1.86×10^（10）yuan RMB.Moreover,the contribution of forestland,grassland and waters was the most prominent.The overall quality of regional ecology was in an increasingly evolutionary trend at first and then decreasingly one during the period from 1995 to 2015.There were three evolutionary trends of environment quality in the study area,i.e.the deterioration,stability,and improvement.Among them,the area with stable environment quality was the largest and accounted for 57.08%of the total area,and the areas with deteriorated and improved environment quality accounted for 21.89%and 21.03%respectively.The degradation of waters,grassland and forestland was the leading factor in the deterioration of regional environment quality,and the conversion of arable land and unused land to grassland,forestland and waters,and of the conversion of grassland to forestland and waters were the important driving factors for the improvement of regional environment quality.Therefore,it is an important way to improve the environmental quality and achieve the sustainable development of the fossil energy development zones by strengthening the protection and management of forest land and grassland resources,rationally developing and utilizing the land and water resources,increasing the level of intensive use of arable land resources,and promoting the ecological restoration and land restoration in the new era.