覆盖对盛果期油茶树体氮素养分分配的影响

Effects of mulching on nitrogen nutrient distribution of Camellia oleifera trees during fruiting period

探讨覆盖对盛果期油茶树体氮素养分分配的影响,从而为油茶林地增湿保墒管理提供科学依据。以‘长林4号’油茶成熟林为试材,分别在滴灌和非滴灌条件下,设置4种不同的覆盖措施和不覆盖对照,即滴灌+花生秆+稻草、滴灌+生态膜、滴灌+油茶壳、滴灌+黑地膜、滴灌、花生秆+稻草、生态膜、油茶壳、黑地膜、不覆盖不灌水共10个处理,测定各处理下油茶生长发育过程中各器官氮素的养分含量,并对各器官养分分配进行了分析。结果表明:滴灌条件可有效促进老叶、新叶、枝条、花和果中氮素养分的稳定和积累,对根中全氮养分含量也存在一定的影响;随着其生长发育进程的推进,老叶中全氮含量呈"U"型弧线波动性变化,新叶和枝条呈"L"型变化趋势;根在滴灌条件下呈下降趋势,非滴灌条件下呈"M"型波动性变化;花和果均表现出上升趋势;由养分分配规律可知,老叶、新叶、枝条和根氮素的相对含量随时间推移呈"V"型变化趋势,花呈上升趋势,果较为稳定;综合分析,滴灌+花生秆+稻草和滴灌+生态膜以及滴灌+黑地膜处理的氮素相对含量均较高,且能有效促进树体氮素养分的积累。总体而言,滴灌+花生秆+稻草处理是最经济、环保的覆盖措施。

To investigate the effects of mulching on nitrogen distribution in Camellia oleifera trees during the fruiting period,this paper provides a scientific basis for the management of humidification preservation of Camellia oleifera trees. With ＂long Lin 4＂ Camellia oleifera trees as the test materials, under the condition of drip irrigation and non drip irrigation, set 4 different mulching measures and no control, namely the drip irrigation ＋ peanut stalk＋straw, drip irrigation＋ ecological membrane,drip irrigation＋Camellia oleifera shell, drip irrigation ＋ black film, drip irrigation, peanut stalk＋straw, ecological membrane, Camellia oleifera shell, black plastic, not no irrigation, a total of 10 processing, determine the processing Camellia oleifera different organs in the process of growth nitrogen nutrient content, and analyzes the distribution of different organs nutrients.The results show that： the condition of drip irrigation can effectively promote the stability and accumulation of nitrogen nutrients in old leaves, leaves, branches, flowers and fruits, and it also has a certain effect on the nutrient content of total nitrogen in the roots. In both drip irrigation and non-drip irrigation, the total nitrogen content in the treatment of the old leaves is the fluctuation of ＂U＂arc. The new leaves and branches are in＂ L ＂ type trend. Under drip irrigation, the roots showed a downward trend, with the change of ＂M＂ type fluctuation in non-drip irrigation. Both the flowers and the fruit showed an upward trend. By the distribution of nutrients, the relative content of old leaves, new leaves, branches and root nitrogen showed a ＂V＂ trend over time, and the flowers showed an upward trend, and the fruit was more stable. Comprehensive analysis showed that the relative content of nitrogen in drip irrigation ＋peanut stalk＋straw and drip irrigation＋ ecological membrane and drip irrigation ＋ black mulch treatment was higher, and the accumulation of nitrogen nutrient in tree body was effectively promoted. Overall, drip irrigation ＋ peanut stalk ＋ straw treatment is the most economical and environmental protection measures.