桂林地区某医院脑卒中高危人群生活方式和饮食习惯现状调查以及危险因素分析

Current status of life style and dietary habit and their risk factors among population at high risk of stroke in a hospital in Guilin region

目的调查桂林地区某医院脑卒中高危人群生活方式和饮食习惯现状并分析其危险因素。方法 2015年1月-2017年10月期间于桂林市人民医院进行健康检查的体检者中,选取符合脑卒中高危人群判断标准的683例体检者记为高危组,同时选取健康的体检者600例记为对照组,另取该院同期收治的中风患者600例记为中风组。收集并调查三组人员的基本资料、生活方式以及饮食习惯,比较三组人员各项实验室指标水平,并采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析方法分析桂林地区脑卒中高危人群的危险因素。结果高危组与中风组男性比例、年龄≥50岁比例明显高于对照组,中风组体质量指数(BMI)高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高危组与中风组吸烟、饮酒、缺乏体育锻炼人数占比均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高危组与中风组口味偏油腻、蔬菜摄入不足、肉类摄入≥3次/周以及口味偏甜的人数占比均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。高危组与中风组尿酸、空腹血糖、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均分别明显高于对照组,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。经多因素logistic回归分析显示:桂林地区脑卒中危险因素包括男性(OR=1.031)、年龄大(OR=1.894)、饮酒(OR=2.495)、缺乏体育锻炼(OR=1.687)、口味偏油腻(OR=1.822)、蔬菜摄入不足(OR=1.673)、肉类摄入过多(OR=1.429)、高尿酸(OR=2.916)、高空腹血糖(OR=2.127)以及高血脂水平(OR=1.709)(均P<0.05)。结论多种因素均与桂林地区脑卒中高危人群密切相关,主要有男性、年龄、饮酒、缺乏体育锻炼、口味偏油腻、蔬菜摄入不足、肉类摄入过多、高尿酸、高空腹血糖以及高血脂水平等。因此,在临床工作中应根据上述因素制定有效的干预措施,以达到防治脑卒中的目的。

Objective To investigate the life style and dietary habit among high risk population for stroke in a hospital in Guilin region,and to analyze their risk factors. Methods We selected 683 physical examinees who met the criteria for high risk stroke population and received physical examination in Guilin People＇s Hospital from January 2015 to October 2017 to serve as the high risk group,and 600 healthy physical examinees as the control group. In addition,600 stroke patients treated in the same hospital during the same period served as the stroke group. General information,life style and dietary habit of the three groups were collected and investigated. Laboratory indicators of the three groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of high-risk stroke population in Guilin region. Results The proportions of males and patients aged ≥ 50 years in the high risk group and the stroke group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and body mass index（ BMI） was higher in the stroke group than in the control group,showing statistically significant differences（ all P〈0.05）. The proportions of patients with smoking,drinking and insufficient physical exercise in the high risk group and the stroke group were significantly higher than those of the control group,with statistically significant differences（ all P〈0.05）. The proportions of patients with greasy taste,insufficient intake of vegetables,meat intake ≥3 times a week and sweet taste in the high risk group and the stroke group were significantly higher than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant（ all P〈0. 05）. The levels of uric acid,fasting blood glucose,triglyceride（ TG）,total cholesterol（ TC） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（ LDLC） in the high-risk group and the stroke group were significantly higher than those of the control group,while the levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol（ HDL-C） were significantly lower,and the differences were statistically significant（ all P〈0. 05）.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for stroke in Guilin region included males（ OR = 1. 031）,advanced age（ OR = 1.894）,drinking（ OR = 2.495）,lack of physical exercise（ OR = 1. 687）,greasy taste（ OR = 1. 822）,insufficient intake of vegetables（ OR = 1.673）,excessive intake of meat（ OR = 1.429）,high uric acid（ OR = 2.916）,high fasting blood glucose（ OR = 2.127） and high blood lipids（ OR = 1.709）（ all P〈0.05）. Conclusions A variety of factors are closely related to high risk of stroke in Guilin region,including males,age,drinking,lack of physical exercise,greasy taste,insufficient intake of vegetables,excessive intake of meat,high uric acid,high fasting blood glucose and high blood lipids. Therefore,effective intervention measures in clinical practice should be formulated according to the above-mentioned factors so as to achieve the purpose of prevention and control of stroke.