基于激光声磁技术的钢轨踏面缺陷检测

Rail tread defect detection system based on laser acoustic magnetic technology

针对传统钢轨踏面缺陷检测效率和检测精度等都难以满足实际应用的要求难题,提出基于激光声磁技术的踏面缺陷检测系统。利用脉冲激光检测效率高、定位准的优势,设计了以激光探头和数据信号处理模块为主要硬件构成的主体结构,然后采用小波变换消除激光回波信号的噪声干扰,采用FFT算法提取表面波信号中的缺陷特征,识别出各种不同的钢轨踏面缺陷类型和损伤程度,最后检测结果表明,系统的钢轨踏面缺陷检测精度高,而且适用性十分广泛。

In view of the difficulty of the traditional rail tread defect detection efficiency and detection precision,it is difficult to meet the requirements of the practical application,and a tread defect detection system based on laser magnetic technology is proposed. The main structure contains the laser probe and the data signal processing module is designed by using the pulse laser with high efficiency and the positioning accuracy to detect. Then the noise interference of the laser echo signal is eliminated by the wavelet transform. The FFT algorithm is used to extract the missing features in the surface wave signal and the different kinds of rail tread defect are identified. Finally,the test results show that the rail tread defect detection system has high accuracy and wide applicability.