张学良的对日外交析论——以“皇姑屯事件”“中村事件”中对日外交策略为中心

Analysis of Zhang Xueliang's Diplomacy toward Japan——Centered on the Diplomatic Strategy toward Japan in the "Huanggutun Incident" and the "Nakamura Incident"

1928年张学良作为东北最高负责人,在处理"皇姑屯事件"与"中村事件"中,遵循"力避冲突"的主要原则,斗智斗勇地与日周旋,成功地化解了张作霖被害后被动的东北政局,维护了地区稳定,同时排除日本势力干扰实现东北易帜和国家统一,取得对日外交战略上的成功。然而张学良在对日外交中也确有一定失策,其表现为:没有利用新闻媒体制造舆论向日本施压;其难以克服的恐日症思维在与日本交涉中难有进一步的作为;不善于打外交牌错失交涉资本,因此造成对日外交的诸多困难。张学良"隐忍"的外交方针造成日本方面对张学良政府软弱的判断,为此后日本进一步侵略中国埋下伏笔。

In 1928, Zhang Xueliang, as the highest person in charge in Northeast China, followed the main principle of ＂avoidance of conflict＂ in dealing with the ＂Huanggutun Incident＂ and the ＂Nakamura Incident＂ wittily to Japan, and successfully resolved the passive northeast political situation after Zhang Zuolin was killed, maintained the stability of the region while excluding Japanese forces from interfering with the realization of the renewed flag of Northeast China and the unification of the country, and achieved a successful diplomatic strategy to Japan. However, Zhang Xueliang did have some lapse in his diplomacy with Japan. His performance was that he did not use the news media to produce public opinion to put pressure on Japan; his insurmountable fear thinking was difficult to do further in negotiating with Japan; he was not good at playing diplomatic cards, missing the negotiating capital, thus creating many difficulties in diplomacy with Japan. Zhang Xueliang＇s diplomatic policy of ＂tolerance＂ caused the Japanese side to judge the weakness of Zhang Xueliang＇s government, and paving the way for Japanese expansion into China further .