2016年-2018年广州市海珠区果品中41种有机磷类农药残留监测与分析

Monitoring and analysis of 41 organophosphorus pesticide residues in fruits in Haizhu District of Guangzhou,2016-2018

目的了解广州市海珠区果品中有机磷农药残留量情况,为监管部门提供科学依据。方法从海珠区各类超市、农贸市场随机购买样品,用气相色谱-质谱法检测41种有机磷类农药残留,根据GB 2763—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》判定。结果共检测样品306份,在所监测的41种有机磷农药中,各类果品检出率为48.7%~100.0%,超标率为0.0%~57.1%,其中柑橘类的检出率(100.0%)和超标率(57.1%)最高,干制水果类的检出率(48.7%)最低。苹果中检出(27种)和超标(7种)的有机磷农药种类最多。除了甲基异柳磷(检出率为0.00%),另外40种有机磷均有检出,检出率为0.33%~20.2%,共有11种有机磷出现超标情况。结论 2016年-2018年监测发现的主要问题为检出国家明令禁止使用的高毒农药,多种高毒农药的联合使用,超范围使用农药等,超标情况最严重,相关部门应采取切实有效的措施进行监督和监测。

Objective To learn the situation of organophosphorus pesticide residues in fruits in Haizhu District of Guangzhou,so as to provide scientific basis for the supervision department. Methods The samples were purchased from supermarkets,farmer＇s markets. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（ GC-MS） was used to detect 41 organophosphorus pesticide residues. The National Standard GB 2763—2016 The National Food Safety Standards Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food was referred to judge whether the amount of pesticide residues was in the safe range. Results A total of 306 samples were tested,among the 41 monitored organophosphorus pesticides,the detection rate of all kinds of fruits were within 48. 7%-100. 0%,the exceeding standard rate was within 0. 0%-57. 1%. The detection rate（ 100. 0%） and the exceeding standard rate（ 57. 1%） of citrus were the highest,and the detection rate of dried fruits（ 48. 7%） was the lowest. The most species of organophosphorus pesticides were found（ 27 species） and exceeded standard（ 7 species） in apples. In addition to isofenphos-methyl（ detection rate was 0. 00%）,the other 40 organophosphorus were detected. The detection rate was within 0. 33%-20. 2% and 11 organophosphorus exceeded the standard. Conclusion The main problem in 2016-2018 included the detection of highly toxic pesticides,the combined usage of a variety of highly toxic pesticides,application of pesticide beyond scope,etc.The relevant departments should take effective measures to carry out supervision and monitoring.