板块绝对运动模型及其研究方法综述

Absolute plate motion models and overview of research methods

研究全球板块的运动对于地球动力学、地幔流动等具有非常重要的意义.目前常用来推断板块绝对运动模型的方法主要分为基于地质和地球物理的地学方法和空间大地测量方法.地学方法主要包括热点参考系框架,岩石圈无整体旋转、剪切波分裂法、古地磁及古气候资料推断古纬度变化法、海岭海沟法等;空间大地测量方法主要是包括采用VLBI、SLR、GPS以及DORIS等技术手段得到的观测数据进行计算推到全球板块的运动.随着观测技术的不断提高,数据的来源、数量、精度的到了不断的改善和优化,板块的划分也更加精细,不论是反应时间尺度在百万年量级的板块运动地学方法,还是能够反应现今板块运动的空间大地测量方法,给出的模型都随着数据的改善进行了不断的更新,本文综述了迄今为止这些板块绝对运动研究方法的发展历史以及最新进展,分析不同参考基准的特点,认为结合地学方法和空间测量两种方法对全球岩石圈板块的绝对运动研究具有重要意义.

The study of global plate movement is of great importance to geodynamics and mantle flow. At present,the method of estimating the absolute plate motion models is mainly divided into geoscience method which based on geology and geophysics and spatial geodetic method. The method based on geoscience mainly includes the hotspot reference frame,the no net rotation method,the shear wave splitting method, the paleomagnetism and paleoclimatic data induce the change of ancient latitude method and the ridge trench method. The spatial geodetic method mainly using VLBI,SLR,GPS and DORIS observation data to calculate the global plate motion. The quantity and accuracy of data which come from different sources,is continuous improvement and optimization with the improvement of technology,plate division is also more refined. Whether the geoscience method which can reflect the time scale in millions years of plate motion,or spatial geodetic method which can reflect the nowdays globle plate motion,the models based on these two method are updated simultaneously. In this paper,we summarize the development history and recent progress of the research on the absolute plate motion method, analyzes the characteristics of different method. It is considered that the combination of geoscience method and spatial measurement method is very important for the study of the global plate motion.