断层识别方法综述及研究进展

Overview and research progress of fault identification method

断层解释是地震资料解释的基础与关键,准确合理的断层识别关系到构造图的精度,同时控制着油田的注采关系,对油气开采起着至关重要的作用.随着油田对断层解释精度需求的日益提高,单纯通过人工解释难以达到较高的精度,因此多种断层识别和解释方法应运而生.本文调研国内外大量相关文献,对多种断层识别方法进行分类和总结,并将常用的断层识别技术划分为四类,即:常规识别方法、地震属性识别方法、自动追踪解释方法和图像处理识别方法.重点介绍了目前应用较为广泛的断层识别方法,如相干体技术、曲率属性识别技术、方差体技术、蚂蚁追踪技术以及边缘检测技术.对每种方法的基础原理、发展历程、适用性、优缺点及实际应用效果进行了归纳总结,为其他学者进行断层识别方法研究提供参考.最后对断层识别技术未来的发展趋势做了几点展望:寻找新的对断层具有明显响应的地震属性;针对不同岩性,不同沉积环境下断层识别技术的应用;基于叠前地震数据的断层识别方法.

Fault interpretation is the foundation and key of seismic data interpretation,which plays a very important role in seismic data interpretation. Accurate and reasonable fault identification is very important for oil and gas exploitation related to the accuracy of the seismic structure map what ＇s more controls the oilfield injectionproduction relationship at the same time. At present,with the oil field＇s ever-increasing demand of fault interpretation accuracy,it is very difficult to achieve high fault interpretation accuracy by artificial fault identification. For this reason,a variety of fault identification and interpretation methods are born. In this paper,a variety of fault identification methods are classified and summarized by investigating a large number of fault identification literatures at home and abroad,and divide common fault identification techniques into four categories：conventional artificial recognition methods,seismic attribute identification method,automatic tracking interpretation method and image processing recognition method,respectively. This paper emphatically introduced the fault identification methods which have been widely applied at present,such as coherence technique,curvature attribute identify technique,variance cube technique,ant tracking technique and edge detection technique based on image processing technology.This paper summarizes the basic principles,development history,applicability,advantages and disadvantages and actual application results for each of the mentioned methods above, provides a reference for other scholars to carry on fault identification methods research. In the end,the paper makes three predictions about the future development trend of fault identification technology： To find new seismic attributes that have obvious response to faults,The application of different faults identification techniques in different sedimentary environments and different lithologies,Faults identification method based on pre-stack seismic data.