2010、2017年三峡库区开州段土源性线虫监测

Monitoring of soil-transmitted nematode in the Three Gorges Reservoir region in Kaizhou area,2010 and 2017

目的了解三峡库区开州段2010、2017年土源性线虫感染现状及变化情况,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法选择监测点,统一制作问卷,对3周岁以上的常住人口,调查人群的基本情况,并采集粪便,采用改良加藤厚涂片法查粪便中的土源性线虫卵,透明胶纸肛拭法检查3~12周岁儿童蛲虫卵。结果 2010年随机抽取4个调查点,每个调查点不少于500人,共调查2 015人。2017年随机抽取5个调查点,每个调查点不少于200人,共调查1 024人。2次监测结果,土源性线虫总感染率由2010年的11.36%下降了75.09%(P<0.05),蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染率分别下降了98.63%、50.00%、100.00%、100.00%(P<0.05)。2010年以3~9岁组感染率最高(P<0.05),2017年以>60岁组感染率最高(P<0.05)。除文盲外2017年各文化层次较2010年,感染率均下降(P<0.05)。学龄前儿童感染率由2010年的最高降至2017年的最低,农民则反之。结论三峡库区开州段土源性线虫感染率呈下降趋势,学龄前儿童感染得到有效遏制,重点防治对象为农民、老年、文化层次低人群。

Objective To understand the infection status and change of soil-transmitted nematode in the Three Gorges Reservoir region in Kaizhou area in 2010 and 2017,so as to provide scientific basis for making control strategies. Methods The investigated sites were selected by stratified sampling methods,and survey the basic situation of a unified questionnaire of people over 3 years of age.The modified Kato Katz method was used to check the soil-borne nematode eggs.Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children from 3 to 12 years old were detected with cellophane swab method. Results A total of 4 survey sites were randomly selected,with no less than 500 people per survey point and a total of 2 015 people were surveyed in 2010.5 survey points were randomly selected,with no less than 200 people per survey point,and a total of 1 024 people were investigated in 2017.The total infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes dropped by75.09%from 11.36%in 2010 in the two survey results（P〈0.05）.The infection rates of Ascaris,Hookworm,Trichuris and Threadworm fell by 98.63%,50.00%,100.00% and 100.00%（P〈0.05）.The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode was the highest in 3-9 years group in 2010,but the rate was the highest in the over 60 years group in 2017（P〈0.05）.The infection rate of education level declined except illiteracy.The prevalence of preschool children fell from the highest rate in 2010 to the lowest in 2017,while farmers had the opposite. Conclusion The infection rate of soil-borne nematode shows a descending trend in the Three Gorges Reservoir region in Kaizhou area.The infection of preschool children has been effectively curbed.Farmers,the elderly and people with low education levels are the key objects for prevention and treatment.