早熟甜樱桃新品种‘春露’的选育

A new early-ripening sweet cherry cultivar 'Chunlu'

‘春露’是从‘先锋’自然授粉杂交实生后代中选育出的大果型早熟优质甜樱桃新品种。果皮颜色紫红,肾形,果顶凹,果柄短,平均单果质量8.1 g。果肉颜色紫红,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)16.4%,总糖含量12.48%,可滴定酸含量0.64%,维生素C含量5.58 mg?100 g^(-1),酸甜适口,品质上等。树势强,树姿半直立,树体发枝力中。‘春露’适应性强,耐花期高温和夏季高温高湿天气,早果性、丰产性和稳产性能好,畸形果极少,较抗裂果,是适于我国中西部暖温带地区推广种植的一个优良的早熟甜樱桃品种。在郑州地区,3月30—31日盛花期,花期早;5月12—14日果实成熟,果实发育期约45 d。自花不实,S基因型是S1S6。

‘Chunlu＇ is an early-ripening and big-fruit sweet cherry cultivar which was bred by ‘Van＇ natural crossing. In late May 2002, mature fruit of‘Van＇ natural crossing in the cherry germplasm resources orchard were harvested and cleaned in room. The seeds were extracted and immediately stratified using the mosit sand in the 4 ℃ refrigerator. In late September, the most seeds germinated and were potted in sterile nutrient media in the greenhouse. The seedlings were cultured till transplanted to the nursery in the next spring. In spring 2004, about two hundred seedlings were planted in the cherry breeding nursery of the Zhengzhou Fruit Institute. By the spring of 2007, most cherry seedlings started to fruition. Based on evaluation of main economic characters of fruits over 3 years, the seedling number ‘15- 31＇ was picked out for its＇ big fruit, good eating quality, and stable high yield and grafed in the‘ZY- 1＇ semi-dwarf cherry rootstock and planted in the Xinzheng and other places for the cultivar evaluation test of the different places in spring 2010. The variety was examined and approved by Henan Forest Tree Variety Evaluation committee on March 2017, and was named as‘Chunlu＇. The growth vigor of‘Chunlu＇ is high and the tree branch ability middle. The fruits are purple red, kidney-shape, sunken fruit top, short fruit stem and weighing 8.1 g on average. The flesh is purple red and the soluble solids content, total sugar content, titrtable acid content and vitamin C content are 16.4%, 12.48%, 0.64% and 5.58 mg·100 g^-1, respectively. It has pleasant sweet and little sour taste, adaptable, highly flowering high-temperature resistant, a rich flavor and fine quality. The tree is highly very early fruiting and high yield. It has very littie malformed fruit, planting on warm temperate zone, than‘Hongdeng＇‘Zaodaguo＇ of the early-ripening cherry cultivars. In Zhengzhou,‘Chunlu＇ full-bloom period is on March 30 to 31 and is an early blooming cultivar. Fruit ripening period is on May 12-14, fruit development time about 45 days, and is an early-ripenming cultivar. S-genotype is S1S6, self-unfruitful. It＇ s pollination tree cultivars in Zhengzhou are‘Hongdeng＇‘Zaodaguo＇‘Zaohongzhu＇ and‘Longguan＇ and so on. Orchards spacing in the rows is usually 2-2.5 m and spacing between rows is 4-4.5 m. Training system are usually improved-Huang spindle-shaped, slender spindle-shaped or vertical axis system, et al. In the young tree training and pruning period, branch angle must be timely enlarged and erect shoots must be wiped out for balancing tree potential. Branch-drooping are carried out on September and October. Pruning rule are with the least shoot cutting back pruning possible and promote formation of the bouquet fruit branches. In fullbearing period, branch cutting back and rejuvenation must be carried out after full fruiting for the good tree growth vigor, big fruit and good eating quality.‘Chunlu＇ is an excellent earlyripening sweet cherry cultivar, suitable for planting on warm temperate zone in the Midwest region of China.