中国经济增长过程中的生产要素配置扭曲

The Misallocation of Production Factors in the Process of China’s Economic Growth

本文基于Cobb-Douglas生产函数建立了生产要素在三次产业间的优化配置模型,并使用该模型计算出劳动和资本要素的优化配置量,在此基础上对中国经济增长过程中的生产要素配置扭曲程度进行了估算。更进一步,本文使用状态空间模型建立了时变弹性生产函数,基于卡尔曼滤波法对生产要素配置在扭曲和优化两种状态下的要素产出时变弹性进行了估计。研究结果表明,我国目前生产要素的配置处于扭曲状态,该扭曲导致要素产出弹性低于应有的水平,阻碍了经济的发展。造成要素配置的扭曲的主要原因是限制生产要素在产业间自由流动的政策性障碍以及对要素配置过多的直接干预。因此让市场成为配置资源的决定性手段,具有极强的理论和现实意义。

Based on Cobb-Douglas production function, this paper established the optimal allocation model of production factors, and calculated the optimal allocation of labor and capital, and analyzed the misallocation of production factors. Furthermore, based on state-space equation, we established the time-varying elasticity production function. After that, we estimated the time-varying elasticity of factors in the case of both misallocation and optimal allocation. We found that the China＇s production factors were misallocated. The misallocation of factors led output elasticity was below the required level, and it hindered the economic development. Based on the conclusion of the study, the author puts forward some suggestions on the allocation of capital and labor.