美国优质学前保教资源获取性测评:内涵、指标与策略

Access to High Quality Early Care and Education in the US:Definition,Indicators,and Measurement

提高家庭对优质保教资源的获取能力,让每个儿童享有公平而有质量的学前教育是全球学前教育事业发展的趋势。美国健康与人类服务部儿童与家庭管理局2017年发布题为《界定和测评优质学前保教资源获取性:政策制定者和研究者指南》的报告,提出了优质学前保教资源获取性的定义,建构了相应的测评指标体系,提供了测评策略和相关测评数据采集渠道等,为相关政策制定者和研究者评估特定区域范围内儿童家庭对优质保教资源的获取性状况提供了概念框架与工具。我国在大力推进普惠性、有质量的学前教育公共服务体系建设的进程中,应坚持兼顾质量和公平的价值导向,加强关于学前保教资源获取性的理论体系和测评体系的建设,探索"自上而下"和"自下而上"相结合的获取性测评路径,建立多层面、多样化、多功能的追踪数据库,特别关注并满足处境不利儿童家庭对有质量学前保教资源的需求。

Ensuring every child to have access to quahty early childhood education is the ultimate pursuit of all nations. The Administration of Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services released a report Defining and Measuring Access to High Quality Early Care and Education： A Guidebook for Policymakers and Researchers, which took the family perspective and proposed the working definition, indicator framework, measurement approach, and data sources of access to quality ECE in the U.S. This report provided a framework and tool for the policy makers and researchers to measure access to quality ECE by children, families and communities. In the process of constructing a public service system of universal and quality early childhood education in China, the report provides significant implications for the Chinese policy makers, researchers and practitioners to highlight both quality and equity when pro- moting ECE development, to explore a localized conceptual framework and measurement indicator system for access to quality ECE, to explore a measurement approach integrating the top-down and bottom-up strategies, to develop a specialized multifunctional and diversified ECE database, and to provide special attention and fulfillment to the urgent access needs of disadvantaged children.