雅斯贝尔斯对现象学直观的阐释及发展

Karl Jaspers' Interpretation and Development of Phenomenological Intuition

在胡塞尔现象学中,直观无疑具有基础性的方法论地位。但胡塞尔希望直观不仅能成为在哲学中使用的基础方法,也能在具体科学中得到应用。精神病理学与现象学具有非常密切的关系,因为二者面向的都是精神进程。雅斯贝尔斯首先将现象学引入了精神病理学,并在精神病理学中发展与运用了现象学直观。他成功地建立起了现象学与精神病理学之间的相互澄明关系。在他这里,现象学直观不再只是纯粹的哲学概念,而是可以帮助医生把握患者疾病体验的基本方法;同时现象学直观的原则,也帮助他摆脱了源于自然科学的还原主义,并发展出了理解心理学。雅斯贝尔斯对现象学直观的阐释及发展,正是一种鲜活的现象学。

In Husserl’s phenomenology,intuition undoubtedly has a fundamental methodological status.However,Husserl hopes that intuition can not only become the basic method used in philosophy,but also can be applied in specific sciences.Psychopathology has a very close relationship with phenomenology because both are oriented toward spiritual processes.Karl Jaspers first introduced phenomenology to psychopathology and developed and applied phenomenological intuition in psychopathology.He successfully established a clear relationship between phenomenology and psychopathology.In his psychopathology,phenomenological intuition is no longer just a purely philosophical concept,but a basic method that can help doctors grasp patient’s experiences of diseases.At the same time,the principle of phenomenological intuition helps him to get rid of reductionism originated from natural sciences and develop understanding psychology.Karl Jaspers’interpretation and development of phenomenological intuition is really a vivid phenomenology.