3种全球气压与温度模型的精度对比分析

Accuracy comparison and analysis for three GPT models

针对目前全球气象模型受不同季节、纬度、高程等因素影响问题,该文利用全球分布的IGS站实测气象数据,对GPT、GPT2、GPT2w模型的精度进行对比,对模型的季节性特征以及纬度、高程因素对模型精度的影响进行分析,并对3种模型反演GPS大气可降水量(PWV)的精度进行比较。结果表明:(1)GPT2和GPT2w模型的精度相当,均优于GPT模型;(2)3种模型均具有明显的季节性特征,7月份(夏季)的模型精度最优;(3)纬度、高程因素对3种模型气压误差的影响较大,而对气温误差的影响相对较小;(4)GPT2、GPT2w模型解算的PWV估值精度相当,偏差均值和平均RMS分别小于1.2mm和1.8mm,均优于GPT模型计算结果。研究结果:可为全球或区域气象模型的改进和生产应用提供借鉴。

The existing global pressure and temperature models are affected by different seasonal characteristics,latitude and altitude position.Using the meteorological measurements from IGS stations,the accuracy of GPT,GPT2 and GPT2 w models was compared in this paper.The seasonal characteristics of the aforementioned empirical models and the effects of the latitude and altitude of the stations on them were analyzed.Then GPS PWV（Precipitable Water Vapor）derived from these models was compared.The results show that：（1）GPT2 and GPT2 w model have the same accuracy,which are superior to GPT model;（2）These empirical models have obvious seasonal characteristics and the best accuracy in July（summer）;（3）The latitude and altitude of the stations have great effect on the pressure from these models,however less effect on the temperature of these models;（4）PWV derived from GPT2 and GPT2 w model have the same accuracy that the average bias is 1.2 mm and the average RMS is 1.8 mm,which are better than that derived from GPT model.This research can provide good reference for global or regional meteorological model improvement and application.