季节和年龄因素对精子形态参数的影响

Effect of season and age factors on sperm morphological parameters

目的分析季节和年龄因素对精子形态参数的影响。方法收集该院2009年9月至2015年2月的9 648份精液标本,将取精时间按季节分为春季组(3~5月)、夏季组(6~8月)、秋季组(9~11月)、冬季组(12月、1~2月),按年龄分为A组(30岁以下)、B组(>30~40岁)、C组(40岁以上)。结果就季节而言,秋季组精子形态正常率、头部形态畸形率明显低于其余3组(P<0.05),春、夏、冬季3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);颈部及中段畸形率4组间差异明显(P<0.05),从高到低依次为春、冬、秋、夏;尾部畸形率、细胞质小滴比例、畸形精子指数(TZI)和精子畸形指数(SDI)不同季节组间有不同变化。就不同年龄组而言,B组精子形态正常率明显高于A、C两组(P<0.05),A、C两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组精子头部畸形率明显低于A、C两组(P<0.05),A、C两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组颈部及中段畸形率、TZI明显高于A、B两组(P<0.05),A、B两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论季节和年龄因素均可能影响该地区男性精子的形态参数,在男性生育力评估和不育的诊断中应考虑这两方面的因素。

Objective To analyze the effect of season and age factors on sperm morphological parameters. Methods A total of 9 648 semen samples of this hospital from September 2009 to February 2015 were included in this study.The taking sperm time was divided into the spring group （March to May）,summer group （June to August）,autumn group （September to November） and winter group （December,January to February） according to seasonal variations.The sperm samples were divided into the group A （〈30 years old）,B （〉30-40 years old） and C （〉40 years old）. Results In terms of seasons,the morphology normal rate and sperm head morphology malformation rate in the autumn group were significantly lower than those in the other 3 groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）,which had no statistical difference among the spring,summer and winter groups （ P 〉0.05）.The malformation rate of neck and middle segment had significant difference among 4 groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）,which from high to low were in turn spring,winter,autumn and summer;the tail malformation rate,cytoplasmic droplet proportion,TZI and SDI had different changes among different seasonal groups.In terms of different age groups,the sperm normal morphology rate in the group B was significantly higher than that in the group A and C （ P 〈 0.05 ）,which between the group A and C had no statistical difference （ P 〉 0.05 ）;the sperm head malformation rate in the group B was significantly lower than that in the group A and C （ P 〈 0.05 ）,which had no statistical difference between the group A and C （ P 〉 0.05 ）;the neck and middle segment malformation rate and TZI in the group C were significantly higher than those in the group A and B （ P 〈 0.05 ）,but the difference between the group A and B had no statistical significance （ P 〉0.05）. Conclusion The season and age factors all can affect the sperm morphological parameters in males of this area,and the factors of these two aspects should be considered in evaluating the male fertility and diagnosing infertility.