孔子之德与庄子之德——两种不同的政治价值选择

Confucius's Moral and Zhuangzi's Moral——Two Different Political Choices

孔子之德以仁为中心,此在儒家虽是根植于人心、依从于人情,然而对于社会大众而言其实质亦是约束人、使人承担一定社会责任与义务的规矩绳墨。因此,儒家道德之归旨在于外在的社会与政治,而非人本身。老庄之德是得之于道者,其是大道于人的现实下贯与落实。因此,人之德性亦如大道之性是自然无为的。在庄子,德之实质落脚于心灵之虚静,最终指向则在于人本身。

Ren is the key of Confucius＇ s moral. It is tooted in the heart of the people. But for the the public, its essence is also the rule of restraining people and making them assume certain social responsibilities and obligations. Therefore, Confucian＇ s moral provides service for the politics, not for the people. Zhuang zi＇ s moral is tooted in Tao, it points to the people, not to the politics. The meaning of it is about quietness of the mind, and the ultimate direction lies in the person himself.