村落理事会的政治生态分析——基于鄂西南C村的调查

Political Ecology of Village Council:Based on the Investigation of C Village in the Southwest of Hubei Province

作为乡村政治生态系统中的有机个体,村落理事会是受政府行政力量的推动和乡土社会环境的影响而产生的。它在形成的过程中完善了乡村治理机制,健全了农村基层民主制度,促进了农村发展。其功效发挥的动力来自于内在的组织动员机制和外在的财力支持机制。但是,在实际运行中也会面临以下困境:一是权、责、利不对称,自身动力不足;二是日益行政化,自治功能弱化。解决上述困境重点在于确定好村落理事会在乡村政治生态系统中的地位以及从资源管理权的调配、组织结构形态的优化、激励和监督机制的完善等方面去构建村落理事会与村民之间良性互动的长效机制。

Village council is an organic component in rural political ecosystem, and it takes shape due to the pushing of administrative power and the influence of local social environment. In its formation, village council perfects rural governance mcchanism,improves rural grassroots democracy system and promotes rural development. And its internal organizational and mobilizing mechanism and the external financial support mechanism gives full play to its function. In actual operation, howcvcr,it is faced with two adverse conditions： firstly, asymmetry among authority,responsibility and bcnefit, which causes insufficient motivation for development; secondly, its increasing administerization which causes the failing of its self governance. To change this situation, the key lies in confirming the status of village council in rural political ecosystcm, and establishing a long term mechanism of benign interaction between village council and villagers from the aspects of allocating resources management right, optimizing organizational structure and form and perfecting incentive and supervising mechanisms.