总体的命运——论卢卡奇《小说理论》中的克尔恺廓尔“阴影”

The Fate of Totality:On the Shadow of Kierkegaard in Lukcs's The Theory of Novel

卢卡奇称自己的《小说理论》是第一部将黑格尔哲学具体运用到美学问题的著作。作为一个黑格尔主义者,卢卡奇对史诗、小说的分析确实带有强烈的黑格尔色彩。然而当时,卢卡奇毕竟不是一个纯正的黑格尔主义者,而是一个处于克尔恺廓尔"阴影"下的乌托邦主义者。就卢卡奇而言,黑格尔奠定了世界的黑色,那么克尔恺廓尔则是其上璀璨的"星空"。卢卡奇揭示了现代人的普遍命运——现代人愈来愈发现自己被束缚在自己所创造的文明之中,试图回到天地人神合一的古希腊世界,却终究无法直面黑暗的事实,剩下的唯有"歇斯底里"。揭示笼罩在卢卡奇头上的克尔恺廓尔"阴影",不仅有助于解释卢卡奇早期的思想来源,而且有助于理解现代性危机。

Lukcs said that his The Theory of Novel is the first work that concretely applied the philosophy of Hegel to aesthetics issue.As a Hegelist,Lukcs＇ s analysis of epic and fiction has a strong Hegelian color.However,at that time,Lukcs is not a pure Hegelist but a utopianist under the shadow of Kierkegaard.Lukcs revealed the general fate of modern people.Modern people increasingly find themselves trapped in the civilization created by themselves,and are intending to return to the ancient Greek world where heaven,earth,God and human were united.However,they eventually cannot face the dark fact,except hysteria.Revealing Kierkegaard＇s shadow on Lukcs＇ s head not only helps to explain the early ideas of Lukcs,but also helps to understand the crisis of modernity.