江阴市院前救治急性中毒未成年患者的临床特征分析

Analysis of clinical characteristics of prehospital acute poisoning in underage patients in a Chinese City

目的探讨江阴市院前救治急性中毒未成年患者的临床特征,为院前急救医师相关准备工作提供帮助。方法分析2017-01-01至2017-12-31江阴市院前救治的年龄<18岁的急性中毒未成年患者特征,包括一般情况、中毒地点及原因等。结果 (1)中毒未成年患者共109名, 62.4%为男孩(68/109),平均(5.2±4.2)岁,37.6%为女孩(41/109),平均(5.1±4.3)岁,年龄间比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.12,P=0.91);(2)一年中4~6月院前救治中毒人数最多,占39.4%(43/109);院前救治中毒人数最多的时间段是17:00~22:00,占42.2%(46/109);86.2%(94/109)中毒未成年患者在中毒后1 h内被送到医院急诊室。(3)中毒途径以口服为主,占57.8%(63/109);57.8%(63/109)有症状的中毒未成年患者中,神经系统症状最常见,占44.4%(28/63);体格检查中心动过速发生率最高,占24.8%(27/109)。结论江阴地区院前救治的中毒未成年患者以低幼龄为主,每年需在4~6月加强防范,同时可根据未成年人口服毒物的特点,并结合低幼龄儿童的生理和病理特点做好中毒应对措施。

Objective The objective of the study was to explore the clinical characteristics of prehospital acute poisoning in underage patients in Jiangyin, China, and to provide assistance for prehospital emergency physicians in preparations. Methods Characteristics of acute poisoning in underage patients aged less than 18 years from January 1st 2017 to December 31st 2017 in Jiangyin were analyzed, including the general condition, location and cause. Results （1） A total of 109 underage victims of poisoning, of whom 62.4% were boys （68/109） averagely aged （5.2±4.2） years, and 37.6% were girls （41/109） averagely aged （5.1±4.3） years. There was no significant difference in terms of ages （t=-0.12, P=0.91）. （2） The numbers of poisoning patients given prehospital treatment peaked from April to June in a year, accounting for 39.4% （43/109）, and 42.2% （46/109） of the cases happened during from 1700 to 22：00 in a day. 86.2% （94/109） of poisoning patients were sent to the hospital emergency room within 1 hour after poisoning. （3） Oral intoxication was the main route of poisoning, accounting for 57.8% （63/109）, of which neurological symptoms were the most common [44.4% （28/63）]; and the incidence of tachycardia in the physical examination center was the highest [24.8% （27/109）]. Conclusions In Jiangyin, underage victims of poisoning given prehospital care were mostly very young. It is necessary to strengthen prevention from April to June each year, and adopt countermeasures taking into account natures of poisoning and physiological and pathological characteristics of underage poisoning.