河北省主要城市空气污染时空分布特征分析

Analysis on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Air Pollution in Main Cities of Hebei Province

文章以河北省邢台、保定、石家庄、邯郸、衡水、唐山、廊坊和沧州8个城市的空气质量为研究对象,以PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO、O3作为空气污染因子,分析河北省2014-2016年的空气污染时空分布特征。分析结果表明,8个城市2014-2016年AQI、PM10、PM2.5、SO2浓度呈下降趋势,整体空气质量好转,而沧州和衡水NO2年均浓度以及衡水和唐山O3年均值变化呈逐年上升趋势。8个城市颗粒物年均浓度均超标,超标倍数最高达2.3,除2014年沧州外,其余城市各年NO2年均值均超标。季节变化分析结果表明,除O3外,8个城市的其余空气污染因子和AQI季节变化趋势基本一致,夏、秋季的空气质量优于春、冬季,冬季最差,O3恰好相反。PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、CO浓度高值主要分布在1月和12月,低值分布在6-9月。8个城市之间的空气污染比较显示,廊坊和沧州空气质量优良天数占比超过50%,空气质量较好,邢台、保定、唐山、石家庄空气质量较差,这与地理位置和产业布局有一定的关系。

In this paper,the air quality of eight typical cities（ Xingtai,Baoding,Shijiazhuang,Handan,Hengshui,Tangshan,Langfang and Cangzhou）of Hebei Province were investigated. PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2,CO and O3 are selected as the air pollution factor. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air pollution in Hebei province in 2014-2016 are analyzed. The analysis results show that the concentrations of AQI,PM10,PM2.5 and SO2 in the eight cities showed a downward trend in 2014-2016,and the overall air quality improved. The average annual concentration of NO2 in Cangzhou and Hengshui,and the mean value of O3 in Hengshui and Tangshan increased year by year. The average annual concentration of particulate matter in the eight cities exceeded the second level limit of national air quality standard,and the maximum number was up to 2.3. Except for Cangzhou in 2014,the average annual value of NO2 in the rest of the cities exceeded the standard. The seasonal variation analysis shows that the seasonal variation trend of pollution factor and AQI,is basically the same. The air quality in summer and autumn is better than that in spring and winter,and the worst is in winter. O3 is just the opposite. The high values of PM10,PM2.5,SO2,NO2 and CO were mainly distributed in January and December,and the low value was in June to September. The comparison of air quality between 8 cities shows that the proportion of excellent air qulity days in Langfang and Cangzhou is account for over 50%,the air quality is better,and the air quality in Xingtai,Baoding,Tangshan and Shijiazhuang is relatively poor,which is related to the location and industrial layout.