刑事司法实践中的普遍正义和个案正义的衡平

Balance between Universal Justice and Justice in Individual Cases in Criminal Judicial Practices

正义观念具有多重性,而司法实践中的普遍正义和个案正义一直都是正义观念中极具代表性的两面,却又有着复杂的联系。一方面,虽然普遍正义以个案正义为目的,并靠个案正义予以实现,但另一方面,因法律的有限性和情与法的冲突,两者常常发生矛盾。通过分析几个刑事案件实务中的普遍正义和个案正义的冲突及其解决方法,可知,为了衡平两者的冲突,牺牲个案正义虽有其必要性但并不是绝对的。完善立法、发挥司法能动性的作用以正确行使自由裁量权和法律解释权、在法律框架内合理运用法律规则和法律制度及审慎对待公众意见,都是衡平司法实践中的普遍正义和个案正义之间的矛盾的重要手段。

The idea of justice has multiple meanings; and universal justice and justice in individual cases in judicialpractices have long been two highly -representative opposites in the same justice concept ; yet they have complexconnections. Although universal justice is aimed at realizing and is realized through individual justice; contradictions oftenoccur between them due to the limitation of law and the conflicts between emotion and law. By analyzing the conflictsbetween universal justice and individual justice in several criminal cases and their corresponding solutions; we can see thatit is necessary but not absolute to balance the conflicts between them. Perfecting legislation and exerting the role of judicialinitiative to correctly exercise discretion and legal interpretation; rational use of legal rules and legal systems within thelegal framework; and prudent treatment of public opinions are all important means of solving the contradiction betweenuniversal justice and individual justice.