二战期间同盟国空军对德国城市的大轰炸及其历史书写与争论

The Boombing of German Cities druing World War Ⅱ by the Allies' Airforces and Its Writing and Debate

在第二次世界大战期间,英、美等反法西斯同盟国空军对德国城市进行了大规模的轰炸,造成了众多平民伤亡和历史文化遗产损失。对于德国幸免于难的亲历者来说,这一大轰炸不啻一场噩梦,终生难忘;诉说沉冤,要求公道,现已成为一种相当强大的心底诉求。但在英、美史学界和舆论界,反侵略正义战争观念仍占主导地位,对于同盟国空军滥用暴力行为缺乏必要的反思。从人性和人道的立场出发,所有死于战争或遭受战争蹂躏的无辜平民都是受害者,都应当受到纪念和安慰。而按照现代正义战争理论,即使进行正义战争的一方,如果在战争中超越道德限制,采用了非正义的交战手段,也应当受到谴责。不能把反法西斯同盟国的过失与纳粹德国的犯罪行为相提并论,更不应当借此使纳粹罪行相对化、淡化,甚至否认希特勒和纳粹党的邪恶本质。同情德国民众在二战中遭受的苦难并非鼓励寻衅复仇,而是要敦促人们反省战争的残忍,认识暴力、报复、仇杀以及其他种种不道义、不公正行为的巨大危害,树立尊重他人、珍惜和平理念,共谋人类社会和谐、稳定、健康发展之道。

During World War Ⅱ, allied air forces of Britain and carried large scale bombing on German cities, causing enormous civilian casualties as well as destructions of historical and cultural heritages. In the eyes of the survivors, the bombing was nothing other than a nightmare. They spoke of the gross injustice, calling for just, forming a powerful backflow in the deep hearts among the people. However, the historical circle and media of Britain and the, dominated by the idea of just war against aggression, lacks necessary reflections on the faults made by the Allies due to the abusement of just war. From views of humanity, any innocent civilian died from war or ravaged by warfare is a victim of war, who deserves rememberance and comfort. However, one should not turn this kind of sufferings into myths, bracketing the mistakes of Allies and the crimes of the Nazis together or using this kind of mistakes to relativize and dilute the evil of the Nazi German, or even denying Hitler and the Nazis＇ crimes of intentionally massacre of the Jewish people for the purpose genocide.Recalling the sufferings of the German people during the World War Ⅱ is not aiming at provoking revenge, but encouraging people to reflect on the cruelty of war, understanding the great dangers of violence, retaliation, revenge, and all the other immoral and unjust actions. We should respect others,cherishing peace, cooperating to seek a harmonious, stable and healthy path for the development of human society.