猪鼻腔内菌群特点及其鉴定

Characteristics and identification of bacterial floras inhabiting in the nasal cavity of pigs

鼻腔相关淋巴组织（NALT）是呼吸道黏膜免疫的主要诱导位点,鼻腔黏膜的菌群是影响呼吸道免疫效果的重要因素。采集15头猪NALT和鼻前庭处黏膜,对其中细菌进行分离培养,并通过16S rDNA测序鉴定菌种。结果：从猪NALT处黏膜中分离出49株细菌,其中大肠杆菌检出率最高,为86.67%;其次,枯草芽胞杆菌检出率为80.00%,奇异变形杆菌为73.33%,蜡样芽胞杆菌为26.67%。鼻前庭处黏膜分离出40株细菌,其中枯草芽胞杆菌检出率为80.00%,大肠杆菌80.00%,奇异变形杆菌66.67%,蜡样芽胞杆菌13.33%,腐生葡萄球菌6.67%。结果表明,大肠杆菌是鼻腔内的优势菌群;枯草芽胞杆菌和奇异变形杆菌在猪鼻腔内大量存在。

Nasal associated lymphoid tissue（NALT） is the main induction site in the nasal mucosa,and the bacterial floras inhabiting in the nasal cavity can influence the immune effects of nasal vaccines. In this study,49 bacterial strains from NALT of 15 pigs were isolated,which were identified by amplification of the 16S rDNA genes using PCR and sequence analysis. The results showed that Escherichia coli was the dominant bacteria in NALT,with a detection rate of 86. 67%,Bacillus subtilis was less dominant,with a detection rate of 80. 00%,and Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus cereus were the least dominant,with detection rates of 73. 33% and 26. 67%,respectively. Of the 40 bacterial strains from nasal vestibule,Bacillus subtilis had a detection rate of 80. 00%; Escherichia coli,of 80. 00%; Proteus mirabilis,of 66. 67%;Bacillus cereus,of 13. 33%; and Staphylococcus saprophyticus,of 6. 67%. The above results indicated that Escherichia coli was the dominant bacteria in the nasal cavity of pigs,and Bacillus subtilis and Proteus mirabilis existed there in large quantities.