狂犬疫苗及其免疫效果影响因素研究进展

Research progress of the offecting factors on rabies vaccine and its immune effect

狂犬病是一种急性致死性传染病,只能预防,无法治愈,人类主要因被带毒的犬、猫、狼、蝙蝠等动物咬伤或抓伤而感染,狂犬病及其所导致的死亡已成为严重的公共卫生问题之一。正确的暴露后预防处置能够最大程度地避免狂犬病的发生,接种狂犬疫苗是最重要的处置措施之一。近年来狂犬疫苗的制备技术有了很大发展,接种狂犬疫苗后保护率已经达到了较高的水平(约90%),但仍未能避免狂犬病的发生。为了进一步提高狂犬疫苗的免疫保护率,减少狂犬病的发生,本文通过查阅近年来大量的研究文献对影响狂犬疫苗免疫效果的多种因素进行综述,供同行借鉴和参考。

Rabies is an acute,fatal and infectious diseases which can only be prevented and cannot be cured. Humans are mainly infected by bites or scratches from dogs,cats,wolves,bats and other animals which carry rabies virus. Rabies and the resulting deaths has become one of serious public health problem.Proper post-exposure prophylaxis can prevent rabies maximumly,vaccination against rabies is one of the most important prophylaxis. Recently,the rabies vaccine has been greatly developed,the efficiency of protection after vaccination has reached a high level（about 90%）,but it did not prevent rabies. To further improve the efficiency of protection thus to reduce rabies,this paper reviews the factors influencing the immune effect of rabies vaccine by looking at a lot of recent research literature,for peer reference.