新生隐球菌研究进展

Progress of research on Cryptococcus neoformans

新型隐球菌为担子菌酵母类真菌,是隐球菌病的主要病原体,其毒力因子有多糖荚膜、黑色素、脲酶等。菌体通过呼吸道进行人体传播感染,最易侵犯中枢系统引起隐球菌脑膜炎,细胞免疫功能低下者死亡率极高,也是AIDS死亡的主要原因之一。目前临床治疗隐球菌病的药物仅限于两性霉素B、唑类和5-氟胞嘧啶。近年来新生隐球菌感染率不断增高,而长期使用抗真菌药引起新生隐球菌耐药从而导致临床治疗失败。因此迫切需要对其耐药机制进行深入研究,其对临床探索有效治疗方案具有重要意义。

Cryptococcus neoformans,belonging to the basidiomycete yeast fungi,is the main pathological agent of cryptococcosis.Its virulence factors contain polysaccharides capsule,melanin,urease and so on.The thalli transmit the infection via respiratory tract and are most likely to invade central nervous system and cause cryptococcal meningitis,which leads to a particularly high mortality rate of patients with low cellular immunity and is a leading cause of patients with AIDS.At present,the clinical treatment of Cryptococcosis is confined to amphotericin B,azoles and 5-flucytosine.The incidence of C.neoformans infection is increased in recent years,however,the longterm use of antifungal agents may result in the drug resistance of C.neoformans,which then leads to the failure of clinical treatment.Therefore,it is urgent to further explore the drug resistance mechanisms,which has great significance to clinical exploration of effective treatment programs.