权力距离感对“生命礼物”赠予的影响

Impacts of Power Distance Belief on Donation of “Gift of Life”

血液作为"生命礼物",能否保质保量地及时供应,直接关乎需血患者的生命安全。在血液供求基本持平的情况下,近年来中国局部性的"血荒"频频发生。破解"血荒"困局,保障血液供给和血液安全,已经成为影响国民身体健康和生命安全的重要社会问题。基于个体文化价值观视角,运用实验和调查研究方法,探究个体权力距离感对献血动机和献血意愿的影响及其内在机制和边界条件。研究1和研究3采用实验方法,以高校学生作为被试。研究2采用调查研究方法,以社会人士(非学生)作为被试。研究1操控个体的权力距离感,实验检验权力距离感对献血动机和献血意愿的影响;研究2剖析权力距离感对献血动机和献血意愿影响的内在机制;研究3实验检验权力距离感对献血动机和献血意愿影响的边界条件。研究1通过实验启动的方式临时操控个体的权力距离感,发现个体权力距离感与献血动机和献血意愿显著负相关。研究2的调查结果表明,对于非学生被试,个体权力距离感对献血动机和献血意愿的负向影响依然显著;中介效应检验结果表明感知责任起部分中介作用,Bootstrap法统计结果表明感知责任对献血动机和献血意愿的间接效应分别为-0. 147和-0. 172。研究3通过实验的方式操控个体对采供血组织的感知信任,发现在个体对采供血组织感知信任度低时,权力距离感对献血动机和献血意愿具有显著的负向影响;但在感知信任程度高时,权力距离感对献血动机和献血意愿的影响并不显著。研究结果从个体视角验证了权力距离感显著负向影响献血行为,厘清了其影响机理和边界条件,具有一定的理论意义。采供血组织应该提高自身的社会公信力,并侧重发布可以激发个体感知责任的宣传信息,以招募无偿献血志愿者,扩大献血者群体。

As a ＂gift of life＂, whether the blood can be supplied in a timely manner is directly related to life safety of the patients. In the case of the basic balance of blood supply and blood demand, the regional ＂blood shortage＂ in China has frequently occurred in recent years. Solving the ＂blood shortage＂ and keeping the blood supply sufficient and safe have become an important social problem which is affecting the health and life safety of the national people. From the perspective of individual cultural values, this study, by using the method of experiment and survey research, explores the effect of the power distance belief on the blood donation intention and blood donation willingness as well as its internal mechanism and boundary conditions. The first study and the third study use the method of experiment and recruit college students as subjects while the second study uses the method of survey research and recruit non-student as subjects. The experiment of the first study temporarily manipulates individual＇s power distance belief by method of experimental priming, and finds that individual power distance belief is significantly negative correlated with the blood donation intention and blood donation willingness. The survey of the second study reveals that the negative correlation between power distance belief and blood donation intention and blood donation willingness is still significant for non-student subjects; Importantly, the perceived responsibility is partly mediated the power distance belief and blood donation behavior, and the results of the Bootstrap statistics show that the indirect effect of perceived responsibility on blood donation intention and blood donation willingness is -0. 147 and -0. 172 respectively. The experiment of the third study manipulates individual perception trust about the blood collection agencies, and finds that when the individual perception trust is low, the negative effect of the power distance belief on blood donation intention and blood donation willingness is significant; while it is not significant when individual perceived trust about the blood collection agencies is high. This study has certain theoretical contributions by demonstrating power distance belief has a significantly negative influence on the blood donation behavior from the individual point of view, and clarifying the influence of internal mechanism and boundary conditions. This study also indicates that blood donation agency can recruit blood donation volunteer as well as expand the voluntary blood donation volunteer group by improving its own social credibility and focusing on the dissemination of information that can stimulate the individual perception responsibility.