基于SD的闭环供应链质量控制契约协调模型仿真与优化

Simulation and Optimization to Systematic Dynamic Model of Contract Coordination Quality Control in Closed-loop Supply Chain

针对供应商、制造商和销售商组成的闭环供应链系统,运用系统动力学(SD)方法,构建闭环供应链质量控制契约协调模型。结合算例,对产品质量、服务质量以及闭环供应链实施契约前后利润水平进行模拟仿真,以考察契约对闭环供应链的协调效果,达到质量控制的目的。研究结果表明,供应商提供的原材料的质量水平越高,工序质量保证能力越强,产品质量水平越高;较高的销售商单位销售投入对应较高的服务质量水平。为保证供应商和销售商处于较高的质量投入水平,避免发生道德风险及逆向选择问题,提出"质量奖惩-收益共享契约"。对比发现,实施质量奖惩契约能够有效激励并约束供应商改进原材料质量水平,实施收益共享契约可协调销售商致力于服务质量改进,而组合契约的协调效果明显优于单契约协调,改进产品质量及服务质量的同时实现闭环供应链协调。

Aiming at the closed loop supply chain which composed of supplier,manufacturer and retailer,the contract coordination quality control model of closed-loop supply chain is established based on system dynamics method.A numerical example is combined to simulate and analyze the change of product quality,service quality and the profit level of closed loop supply chain around the implementation of contract,in order to investigate the coordination effect of the contract and achieve the purpose of quality control.The study has found that the quality of raw materials provided by the supplier have a great influence on the quality level of the products,if the quality of raw material goes higher and process quality assurance ability will be more stronger,also the product quality.The retailer＇s unit sales investment is very important to the quality of service.In order to ensure the quality of raw material and service quality of suppliers and retailers maintain at a high level,moral hazard and adverse selection problems do not occur,we put forward ＂quality reward and punishment Revenue sharing contract＂.Through simulation comparison,it is concluded that moderate quality incentive contract can effectively encourage and restrain the supplier to improve the quality level of raw materials,and the revenue sharing contract can coordinate the retailer is committed to service quality improvement.Finally,the effect of the combination contracts is analyzed.It is proved that the coordination effect of the combination contract is better than the single contract coordination effect,which can also enhance the product quality and service quality.At the same time closed-loop supply chain quality control coordination can be achieved.