复杂曲率蒙皮零件拉形工艺分析及优化

Process analysis and optimization on stretch forming of complex curvature skin part

某飞机复杂蒙皮零件外形表面同时存在鼓包和凹陷等特征,对表面质量要求高,成形难度大。为了解决该类零件成形难题,针对该复杂蒙皮零件的成形工艺方案进行了较为详细的分析和探讨,通过结合该零件结构特征及成形难点,从零件成形方案、成形设备、成形工装、受力特点、成形参数等方面分别探讨了该蒙皮零件拉伸成形的工艺方案,分析了其中容易出现的工艺技术问题并给出了解决的方法,然后结合实际加工情况给出了优化的方案和改进措施。通过采用优化后的工艺方法,解决了该复杂蒙皮零件拉伸成形中的粗晶和起皱等问题,并在生产实践中得到了良好的应用。

The characteristics of bumps and dimples appear on the surface of the complex skin part which is difficult to be formed with highly requirements. In order to solve the above problem,the forming process of the complex skin part was analyzed and discussed in detail,and the stretch forming was studied from the aspects of forming scheme,forming equipment,forming tooling,force characteristics and forming parameters by combining the structural features of the part and the difficulty of forming. Furthermore,the possible technical problems were analyzed to give the solutions,and the optimization scheme and improvement method were presented in combination with the actual situation. In the end,the forming defects such as coarse-grain and wrinkling of the complex skin part in stretching forming process were avoided by adopting the optimized scheme,and good application was realized in production.