中国老年人衰弱状况及其影响因素分析

Study on the status of frailty and related determinants among the elderly in China

目的分析中国老年人衰弱状况及其影响因素，为制定干预措施提供借鉴。方法利用中国健康与养老追踪调查2011-2015年全国随访调查数据，以衰弱指数（FI）评价≥60岁老年人的衰弱状况。使用logistic回归分析进行影响老年人衰弱患病率的多因素分析。结果中国老年人2011、2013、2015年的衰弱患病率分别为18．7％、20．6％和28．4％。女性、高龄的老年人FI更高。髋关节骨折、跌倒、饮酒〉1次／月及不参加社会活动可能是衰弱的危险因素。结论中国老年人衰弱患病率较高，且呈逐年上升的趋势。衰弱受不良事件和生活方式等多种因素的影响，应及早采取综合干预策略，延缓衰弱进程。

Objective To investigate the frailty status and related determinants among the elderly in China. Methods Frailty index （FI） was applied to evaluate the frailty status of the elderly. Data used in this study was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS） in 2011-2015. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants related to the status on frailty. Results The prevalence rates of frailty in the elderly were 18.7%, 20.6% and 28.4% in 2011, 2013 and 2015, respectively. Being female or elderly under advanced age, were both associated with the higher level of FI. Factors as hip fracture, falls, alcohol intake more than once a month, and less participation in social activities etc., might serve as the risk factors for frailty. Conclusion Chinese elderly showed relatively high prevalence on frailty and with annual increasing trend. The status of frailty was related to factors as adverse events and unhealthy lifestyles. Comprehensive intervention strategies should be adopted in early life of the elderly to delay the development process of frailty.