马克思贫困理论及其中国化的探索与发展

The Poverty Theory of Marxist Political Economy and its Exploration and Development in China

马克思对贫困问题的研究和阐释,对新时代中国政府进行精准扶贫政策实践具有重要的指导意义。对古典政治经济学家贫困理论的批判与继承是马克思贫困理论的理论渊源,对＂国家制度＂、＂资本积累＂和＂意识形态＂与贫困之间关系的研究是马克思贫困理论的理论精髓。从计划经济时期到精准扶贫时期,中国共产党对马克思贫困理论进行了不断的探索和发展,积累了丰富的宝贵经验,是马克思贫困理论中国化的最新成果。基于此,新时代下,用马克思政治经济学贫困理论指导精准扶贫政策实践应该加强贫困治理主体意识转型：从＂管理型政府＂到＂服务型政府＂,完善贫困治理考核机制建设：从＂无标准考核＂到＂科学化考核＂,促进贫困治理理论思想变革：从＂官本主义＂到＂民本主义＂,优化经济社会要素配置机制：从＂资本扩张＂到＂保障民生＂。

Marx＇s study and interpretation of the poverty issue has important guiding significance for the Chinese government to practice the precise poverty alleviation policy in the new era.The criticism and inheritance of the classical political economist＇s poverty theory is the theoretical origin of Marx＇s poverty theory,and the research on the relationship between ＂national system＂, ＂capital accumulation＂ and ＂ideology＂ and poverty is the theoretical essence of Marx＇s poverty theory.From the period of planned economy to the period of targeted poverty alleviation,the communist party of China has continuously explored and developed Marxist poverty theory and accumulated rich valuable experience,which is the latest achievement of the Sinicization of Marx＇s poverty theory.Based on this,a new era,with the theory of Marxist political economics poverty guide precision poverty alleviation policy practice should strengthen poverty governance subject consciousness transformation：from the ＂type＂ to ＂ service-oriented government＂,improve the poor governance appraisal mechanism construction：from ＂ top examination＂ to ＂ scientific assessment＂,promote the poor governance theory thought transformation：from the ＂ officer＂ to the ＂people-oriented＂,optimize the distribution of the economic and social elements mechanism：from ＂capital expansion＂ to ＂safeguard the livelihood of the people＂.