无蓄电池风-光能互补驱动生物反应器处理农村生活污水的可行性

Feasibility of bioreactor driven by non-lead-acid battery wind-solar energy system for rural sewage treatment

农村生活污水处理设施能耗高难以长效运行,目前已有利用太阳能和风能供电驱动污水处理设施的研究和应用,但常规的太阳能和风能发电设施需要用蓄电池组稳定电能的输出,而蓄电池的使用寿命短导致成本增加,也增加了环境污染风险。为降低成本,减少环境污染风险,通过对不同季节太阳能和风能强度变化监测与分析,确定太阳能与风能具有季节互补性。在此基础上,将太阳能辐射强度周期性、农村生活污水排放不连续性、污水生物处理过程对溶解氧需求的差异三者融合,提出了一种无蓄电池组的太阳能与风能互补发电驱动农村生活污水生物处理设施的集成系统,可降低运行和维护费用。167 d的连续运行实验结果表明:通过自动控制系统的调控及建立相应的生物反应器运行工况,可以实现发电单元电能输出稳定,且能源利用率达到80%;生物反应器对COD、NH_4^+-N和TN的平均去除率分别为90.6%、94.7%和61.7%,出水平均浓度分别为29.1、2.1和15.8 mg·L^(-1)。研究结果证明利用无蓄电池风-光能互补驱动生物反应器处理农村生活污水是可行的。

The problem of long-term operation of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities with high energy consumption has caused great concern. Presently, various kinds of research and application with solar or wind power applied to drive sewage treatment facilities have been extensively used. However, the conventional solar and wind power generation facilities require the utilization of lead-acid battery packs to stabilize the output of electrical energy, while the short service life of the battery can not only lead to a high level cost but also increase the risk of environmental pollution. In the current study, based on the monitoring and analyzing the variation of the intensity of the solar and wind energy under different seasons, it is revealed that the solar energy and wind energy have seasonal complementarity.Then, combined with the periodicity of solar radiation intensity, the discontinuity of rural domestic sewage discharge, and the difference in the demand for dissolved oxygen in the biological treatment process of sewage, a bioreactor driven by non-lead acid battery wind-solar energy system for rural sewage treatment has been proposed. The integrated system of sewage biological treatment facilities could apparently reduce the operation and maintenance costs. The results show that the power output of the power generation unit can be stabilized with an energy utilization rate of 80% via the regulation of the automatic control system and the establishment of the corresponding operating conditions of the bioreactor during167 days continuous operation. The average removal rates of COD, NH4^＋-N and TN were 90.6%, 94.7% and 61.7%,while the average effluent concentrations were 29.1, 2.1 and 15.8 mg·L^（-1）, respectively. The conclusion demonstrate that it is feasible to treat rural domestic wastewater with a battery-free wind-solar energy complementary bioreactor.