不同人群对糖尿病相关知识的认知现状及影响因素分析

The cognitive status and influence factors of diabetes mellitus with different populations

目的了解新发2型糖尿病、糖尿病前期和血糖正常人群的糖尿病相关知识的认知状况。方法 2016年3—6月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法对江苏省6个地级市的7804名18～65周岁城乡居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。采用χ~2检验、单因素方差分析进行组间比较,多元线性回归分析糖尿病防治知识得分的相关影响因素。结果共收到有效问卷7689份,"糖尿病是一种常见慢性病"知晓率较高,为82.14%;"糖尿病可以治愈"知晓率较低,为43.48%。糖尿病典型症状中"常常口渴"的知晓率较高,为61.56%;"糖尿病引起酮症酸中毒"的知晓率较低,为30.99%。糖尿病高危人群中"有糖尿病家族史"的认知率较高,为65.26%;"巨大儿生产史"的知晓率较低,为22.67%。糖尿病预防措施知晓率均高于80.00%,全部回答正确率为1.74%。合计知识得分为(15.91±7.95)分,不同人群在糖尿病基本认识、典型症状和预防措施的得分差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。多因素分析显示,影响糖尿病认知水平的因素有性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭收入和糖尿病家族史(P均<0.05)。结论不同血糖水平居民糖尿病防治知识认知水平不同,且影响因素较多,应对不同特征人群开展针对性的糖尿病健康教育和行为指导。

Objective To understand the cognitive status of diabetes mellitus in new patients group with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetie group and normal blood glucose group. Methods From March to June 2016, multi-stage stratified cluster sampling methods was used to conduct a face-to-face structured e-questionnaire sutwey among 7804 urban and rural residents from 18 - 65 years old in 6 cities among Jiangsu Province. Chi-square test and single factor variance analysis were used for comparison among different groups and the related factors of diabetes prevention and control knowledge score by multiple linear regression analysis. Results The number of valid questionnaires was 7689. The higher awareness rate of diabetes basic point was ＂diabetes is a common chronic disease＂ （82. 14% ） , ＂diabetes can cure＂ among the lower （43.48%）. About the typieal symptoms of diabetes, the higher rate was the ＂often thirsty＂ （61.56%）. The lower awareness rate of diabetie complications was ＂Diabetes can cause ketoaeidosis＂ （ 30, 99% ）. The higher awareness rate of patients at high risk of diabetes was the ＂family history of diabetie family＂ （ 65.26% ） while lower rate （ 22. 67% was ＂women who have had a macrosomia＂ , The awareness rate of diabetes prevention measures was higher than 80.00% , and the total aecuracy rate was 1.74%. Diabetes prevention knowledge total score was （ 15.91 ± 7.95） , different populations in a basic understanding of diabetes, typical symptoms and preventive measures of knowledge score difference was statistically significant （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. The multi-faetor analysis showed that the factors affeeting the cognitive level of diabetes were gender, age, cultural degree, family income and family history of diabetes （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion People with different blood glucose levels had different levels of knowledge of prevention and control of diabetes which had more influential factors. Targeted diabetes health edueation and behavioral guidance should be implemented for different eharaeteristics people.