金属电镀行业噪声和氰化氢联合作用对噪声性听力损失影响

Combined effect of noise and hydrogen cyanide on noise-induced hearing loss in a metal electroplating enterprise

目的探讨金属电镀行业噪声和氰化氢联合作用对噪声性听力损失(NIHL)的影响。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择某大型金属电镀企业的663名员工为研究对象,以其中186名仅接触噪声的工人为噪声组,138名仅接触氰化氢的工人为氰化氢组,161名接触噪声和氰化氢的工人为联合作用组,178名不接触职业病危害因素的员工为对照组。对研究对象进行问卷调查和纯音听力测试,分析噪声与氰化氢联合接触对NIHL的影响。结果研究对象的听力损失检出率为40.4%;对照组、噪声组、氰化氢组和联合作用组人群听力损失检出率分别为17.4%、47.8%、32.6%和64.0%,对照组人群听力损失检出率分别低于其余3组(P<0.008),联合作用组、噪声组人群听力损失检出率均高于氰化氢组(P<0.008),联合作用组人群听力损失检出率分别高于噪声组和氰化氢组(P<0.008)。有序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示:在排除年龄、工龄、性别、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒等混杂因素影响后,氰化氢接触、噪声接触、氰化氢与噪声联合接触均对工人听力有影响(P<0.05),其中,氰化氢与噪声联合接触导致听力损失的风险分别高于单纯噪声接触和单纯氰化氢接触。结论金属电镀企业中噪声和氰化氢可能存在联合作用,可增加劳动者罹患NIHL的风险。

Objective To study the combined effect of noise and hydrogen cyanide on noise-induced hearing loss（ NIHL）in a metal electroplating enterprise. Methods The judgment sampling method was used to select 663 workers in a largescale metal electroplating enterprise as the study subjects. Among them,186 workers exposed to noise alone were designated as noise group; 138 workers exposed to hydrogen cyanide alone were designated as hydrogen cyanide group; and161 workers exposed to noise and hydrogen cyanide were designated as combined effect group,and 178 workers without exposure from occupational disease risk factors were designated as control group. Questionnaires survey and pure tone audiometry were used for analyzing the effects of combined noise and hydrogen cyanide exposure on NIHL. Results The hearing loss detection rate of the study subjects was 40. 4%. The hearing loss detection rates in the control group,noise group,hydrogen cyanide group,and combined effect group were 17. 4%,47. 8%,32. 6% and 64. 0%,respectively. The detection rate of hearing loss in the control group was lower than that in the other three groups（ P 0. 008）. The NIHL detection rates in the combined effect group and the noise group were higher than that in the hydrogen cyanide group（ P 0. 008）. The hearing loss detection rate of the combined effect group was higher than that of the noise group and the hydrogen cyanide group（ P 0. 008）. Ordinal multi-categorical logistic regression model results showed that after adjusting confounding factors such as age,length of service,gender,marital status,smoking,alcohol drinking,we found hydrogen cyanide exposure,noise exposure,and combined exposure to hydrogen cyanide and noise had effects on workers＇ hearing（P 0. 05）. The risk of hearing loss in workers exposed to noise and hydrogen cyanide was higher than that of workers exposed to noise alone or hydrogen cyanide alone. Conclusion There is a combined effect of noise and hydrogen cyanide in this metal electroplating enterprise,which can increase the risk of NIHL in workers.