创客式教学:面向核心素养培养的STEAM课程教学新范式

Maker Teaching: New Paradigm of STEAM Courses Teaching Aiming at Cultivating Key Competencies

当前我国STEAM教育"学科素养"培养的目标定位限制了其发展,已经不符合21世纪国家对于创新型人才培养的需求。近两年如火如荼兴起的创客教育由于缺少实体课程的依托面临着严重的"大跃进""泡沫化""空心化"的问题,使其难以作为一种新型的教育形式独立发展下去。而创客教育所倡导的实践创新、科学精神等培养学生核心素养的理念却为STEAM教育的变革提供了方向引领。针对以上问题,该文提出以创客教育的理念来变革当前的STEAM教育,实施创客式教学,以实现创客教育与STEAM教育的有效融合。具体来说,STEAM教育目标定位由学科素养转向核心素养,由一般问题解决能力的培养上升到创造性问题解决能力的培养,依托创客空间开展基于创造的"做"中学,采取创造性问题解决导向的动态评价,创造民主平等的生态化互动氛围,以促进学生实践创新等核心素养的全面提升。

At present, the goal of STEAM education is cultivating students＇ ＂subject competencies＂, which restrained the development of STEAM education and made it far away from the national requirement of cultivating innovative talents. Meanwhile,maker education grows vigorously in recent two years. But it faces serious problems because of lacking support of entity courses such as ＂Great Leap Forward＂, ＂bubblization＂, and ＂hollowing out＂, which made it hard to develop as a new education form. However,the new cultivating idea of maker education such as practice and innovation, spirit of science provide orientation for the reform of STEAM education. Aiming at such problems, we propose that in order to reform current STEAM education, we can integrate the idea of maker education with STEAM education and implement maker teaching. Specifically, the objective of STEAM education should transform form subject competencies to key competencies, from cultivating general problem-solving capabilities to innovative problem solving capabilities; the teaching form should shift to learn by doing based on innovative activities in maker spaces; the evaluation should apply the dynamic evaluation oriented by creativity; the teaching atmosphere become democratic, equal, and ecological. Thus, students＇ key competencies can gain comprehensive improvement.