老年学员网络学习能力差异研究——兼论基于学习权视角的对策建议

Research on Disparity of the Elderly Learners' Network Learning Ability——With additional discussion on countermeasure suggestions from the perspective of “learning right “

随着互联网的普及,老年人对信息技术的疏离形成了一种由年龄构筑的"数字鸿沟"。为了解上海市老年大学和社区学校学员的网络学习能力情况,该文采用问卷调查法和访谈法对其进行调查研究。研究结果显示:老年学员网络学习能力不高,但是不同年龄、性别及学历的老年学员其网络学习能力均存在显著性差异,女性老年学员的网络学习能力高于男性老年学员,年龄偏大的老年学员网络学习能力低于年龄偏低的老年学员,学历为大学及以上的老年学员的"交流应用"网络学习能力高于大学以下的老年学员。基于此,研究从学习权的权利本位原则、机会均等原则、可选择性原则、和弱势补偿原则,提出为老年人提供网络学习的平台与培训、保障老年人网络学习的机会与过程、开发老年人网络学习的多元途径、培养老年人学习权意识与信息意识等四个可操作性举措,以期能够提升上海老年学员的网络学习能力。

As the rapid diffusion of the Internet, ＂digital divide＂ caused by lacking access to modern information and high technology of the elderly became an issue. This research conducted questionnaire and semi-structured interview to clarify the network learning ability of the elderly learners in Shanghai third age university and community colleges. The results show that： the network learning ability of the elderly is not high, however, there is a significant difference among gender, age and education level. Women elderly people have a relatively higher network learning ability than men on average; older elderly people have lower network learning ability than younger elderly people; and those who have a final degree of university or above have higher network learning ability on ＂communication and application＂ than those who have lower education level on average. Based on the results, this research suggests four operability measures regarding rights-based principle, chance-equality principle, selectable principle and compensate for the minority principle of ＂the right to learn＂. The four measures are： providing learning platforms and training chances on network learning for the elderly; ensuring learning chance and process for the elderly; developing multi-routes of network learning for the elderly; cultivating the conscious of ＂the right to learn＂ and technology of the elderly. Through implementing these measures, it is expected to improve the network learning ability of the elderly learners in Shanghai third age university and community college.