影响成语定型的重要因素——以《庄子》成语为样本

Important Factors Affecting the Finalization of Idioms——Taking Idioms from Zhuangzi as a Sample

成语是在长期的使用、传播中逐步定型的。以出处《庄子》的成语为样本,经过整理列举、分类归纳后观察到:联合式成语占据了数量上的绝对优势;主谓式成语和动宾式成语之间、偏正式成语和补充式成语之间,都存在不对称的情况。中国文化对于骈偶形式的偏爱、汉语"话题—评述"的句法结构以及汉语结构的阿尔泰化,是造成上述现象的原因,也是影响成语定型的重要因素。

Idioms are gradually finalized in long-term use and dissemination. Collate and classify Idioms from Zhuangzi, we observe that the combination idioms occupies an absolute advantage in quantity, and that there is an asymmetry between subject-predicate idioms and verb-object idioms, and an asymmetry between formal idioms and supplementary idioms. The Chinese culture＇s preference for the form of parallel pairs, the syntactic structure of the Chinese topic - comment, and the altalization of syntactic structures are the reasons for the above phenomena. And these are also the important factors that influence the finalization of the idioms.