论汉语恭维语的社会文化心理基础与类型

Brief Analysis of Social Cultural Psychological Basis and Types of Chinese Compliments

恭维是人们社会生活中极为常见的一种言语行为。汉语恭维语的社会文化心理是基于一定的社会基础与人性基础产生的。恭维语的产生与使用是一定社会政治、经济、历史、文化等诸多因素综合作用的结果。恭维语是社会等级在语言形式上的必然反映,具有一定的历史文化传承性。恭维语在交际中的重要社会作用与人性的基本特点是吻合的。恭维语是人性弱点的直接体现,虚荣心则是人们使用和接受恭维语最根本的社会心理基础。在一个讲究人情面子的社会中,恭维语是维系面子的一种重要的语言手段。汉语恭维语的社会文化心理类型,主要包含求和心理、投机心理、媚俗心理以及面子心理等方面。

Compliments are a very common speech act in people＇s social life. It is very important to probe the special social psychology that produce and use the compliments Compliments are the result from the joint effects of most many social factors. At the same time compliments are the necessary reflection of social class in language form. And compliments have their own historical and cultural inheritance. Compliments have an important social function in social communication because compliments are consistent with the basic characteristics of human language. Compliments are the direct embodiment of human weakness, speaking specially vanity is the fundamental social psychological foundation that people use and accept compliments. In a society that pays great importance to face, compliments are an important means of language that maintain face.This study finds that compliments have contain certain social culture psychology, it mainly includes the psychology of pursuing for 和, speculative psychology, kitsch psychology, and face psychology.