论亨迪卡的博弈逻辑观

On Hintikka's View of Logic as Game

如何准确把握逻辑的本质、范围及目标,是逻辑哲学至关重要且亟待解决的问题。当代著名逻辑学家、认知逻辑与博弈论语义学的创始人雅各·亨迪卡从历史维度揭示了逻辑的起源,认为逻辑教学和研究的目标应该是获得最佳推理,而不是推论形式的有效性,逻辑本质上是以规则为导向的游戏活动,不仅包括限定规则,还包括策略规则。现代逻辑过分强调限定规则,忽视了策略规则,从而缩小了逻辑的范围,降低了逻辑的目标。受到亚里斯多德、康德以及维特根斯坦等先哲影响,在吸收现代逻辑技术和数学博弈论的基础之上,亨迪卡发展出了IF逻辑及其博弈论语义学,旨在改变目前逻辑教学和研究的窘境,力图恢复古典逻辑观念,使之成为真正有用的探究工具。

How to grasp the essence, the scope and the goal of logic is a very important and urgent problem. A famous contemporary logicians, the founder of epistemology logic and game-theoretical semantics Jaakko Hintikka, who reveals the origin of logic from the perspective of history, argued that the goal of teaching and research in logic should be to obtain optimal reasoning, rather than the so-called effectiveness of inference form, and the essence of logic is game guided by rules, including not only definite rules, but also strategic rules. Modern logic is too much emphasis on the logic of the rules, but it ignores the strategic rules, so as to narrow the scope of logic and downgraded the target of logic. Affected by Aristotle, Kant and Wittgenstein, etc., absorbing the technologies of modern logic and mathematical game theories, Hintikka develop IF logic and its game-theoretical semantics so as to change the current predicament of the teaching and research in logic, trying to restore the traditional logic concept, and make logic a truly useful tool for inquiry.