先秦时期编织业刍议

A Discussion on Knitwork Industry in the Period Pre-Qin

编织业是华夏文明的重要组成部分,是我国传统文化的瑰宝。2002年9月至12月,考古工作者对浙江萧山跨湖桥遗址进行第三次发掘时,出土了距今7 000—8 000年的编织物,证明我国编织的肇始最迟不晚于距今7 000—8 000年前,而其实际,当更悠远。先秦时期,编织生产分官营和私营两大类,官营包括中央和地方两亚类,一般都是规模生产,以作坊形式进行;私营也有营利和自用两亚类,前者以个体或作坊形式生产,后者则主要是个体生产。无论官营和私营,由于时代不同,生产条件和环境不同,各个时代的生产类型及经营管理又各有不同内容及特点。编织品为政治生活、军事装备所必备,日常生活亦不可或缺。编织业不仅催生了纺织业,而且是社会生产的助推器,其作用和影响不容忽视。

The knitwork is not only an important part in Huaxia civilization, but also is the treasure in the Chinese civilization. The knitting, which it was about 7 000 to 8 000 years ago, was discovered by archaeologists when they excavated the Cross lake bridge relics on the third. And it proved that the knitwork originated more than 7 000 to 8 000, actually, it had long history. The producing of knitwork is divided into two categories, which are state-owned and privately-owned sectors. The state-owned knitwork can be laid in central government-orientated or local government-orientated two sub categories, which are usually produced in workshop with in large scale. The privately-owned knitwork also had two sub categories： profit-making and self-use. The former is made by individuals or workshop, and the latter by individual. Whether it is state-owned or privately-owned, because of the difference time, the producing condition and the environment are difference. Different types of the knitwok producing and management in different times have different contents and characteristics. The knitwork is essential for political life and military equipment; the knitwork is indispensible in everyday life. The knitwork industry not only gives birth to the textile industry, but also a booster in social development, and its role and influence can be ignored.