新结构经济学的理论溯源与进展——庆祝林毅夫教授回国从教30周年

New Structural Economics: How It Comes into Being and Recent Progress——Celebrating the 30th Teaching Anniversary of Professor Justin Yifu Lin

改革开放40年来,中国经济实现了持续、快速、健康发展,保持了年均近10%的高速增长,这是中国发展中了不起的成就和人类经济发展史上未曾有过的奇迹。随着中国经济地位的提升,这些现象的重要性越发凸显。2016年5月17日,习近平总书记在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上指出,社会大变革的时代,一定是哲学社会科学大发展的时代;并强调应该以理论创新繁荣哲学社会科学。作为国际上第三波发展经济学思潮,由林毅夫首倡的新结构经济学即为这种自主理论创新的尝试。文章旨在对新结构经济学进行较为系统的理论追溯,并对新结构经济学当前理论与实践的主要进展作基本介绍。首先,文章将新结构经济学理论的孕育与发展过程划分为五个阶段进行详细解读与理论溯源,系统阐述新结构经济学理论发展的来龙去脉。其次,文章介绍了新结构经济学作为发展经济学的第三波思潮诞生的历史背景、与前两波思潮的区别,以及数次相关的学术争论。再次,文章重点介绍了新结构经济学是基于中国本土经济发展的伟大实践和其他发展中国家的发展经验的自主理论创新,而且与当前西方主流经济学理论在一些具体问题上具有不同的分析视角与观点。最后,文章讨论了新结构经济学"知成一体,以成证知"的理念,介绍其在政策实践上具体的新框架与新主张。总之,文章能够帮助理论界加深对新结构经济学的认识和理解,为今后关于新结构经济学的发展提供理论基础和背景,也为如何构建具有中国特色的经济学理论体系提供借鉴和参考。

Summary： In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the Chinese economy has achieved miracu- lous economic development with an annual GDP growth rate close to 10% on average. This remarkable achievement is unprecedented in the entire human history. At a meeting with leading Chinese experts in the fields of Philosophy and Social Sciences on May 17, 2016, General Party Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that an era of tremendous social changes must be also an era of great development in Philosophy and Social Sci- ences. He expressed the hope that Philosophy and Social Sciences in China could flourish with important in- novations in theory. The New Structural Economics （NSE hereafter）is such an attempt to develop an innovat- ive and independent theory. Based on development experiences and lessons from China and other developing countries, NSE, guided by Marx＇s historical materialism, adopts the modern research approach of Neoclassic- al Economics and highlights the crucial importance of＂economic structures＂. NSE has gradually become the third wave of international trends in development economics. This paper aims to systematically review the history how NSE, as advocated by Justin Yifu Lin and his collaborators, has come into being, and also to provide an overview of the recent progress of NSE in both the- ory and practice. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction. The second part is to di- vide the development of NSE into five stages： early germination, preliminary formation, systematic interpreta- tion, deepening and expansion, and real-life application and implementation. The progress in each stage is carefully reviewed and assessed. In the third part, we discuss how NSE emerges as the third wave of develop- ment economics, how it differs from the previous two waves, and several academic debates on NSE. In the fourth part, we illustrate by specific examples how NSE provides different theoretical perspectives and analyt- ical angles from the currently dominant theories. In the fifth part, we explain the core philosophy of NSE--＂Knowing and Achieving Be One, Achieving Verifies Knowing＂, and show how this philosophy is hardwired in the new framework and new ideas in policy practice of NSE. The sixth part is a summary. Researchers of NSE should cherish a ＂CHANGWU＂ mentality, adhering to the principle of openness and theconcept of＂Knowing and Achieving Be One＂. Researchers of NSE should never stop exploring new eco- nomic phenomena, new situations, and new problems and should keep improving, deepening and enriching both theory and practice of NSE.