蚕种用双控干热空气设备处理后的即时浸酸和冷藏浸酸条件及孵化调查

Conditions of Instant Acid-treatment and Acid-treatment After Refrigeration of Silkworm Eggs Posterior to Treatment by Double-controlled Dry-hot Air Equipment and Their Effects on Hatchability

双控干热空气处理设备可应用于家蚕一代杂交种生产控制家蚕微粒子病胚种传染。为了解使用该设备是否会影响蚕种质量,对经干热空气处理后的蚕种进行常规与非常规浸酸（不同浸酸时间）以及在不同条件下保护,调查蚕种的孵化率和蚁蚕生命力,据此确定适合的浸酸与保护条件。结果表明：经过干热空气处理的蚕种即时浸酸适期为卵产下在25℃环境中保护24 h后,最适浸渍时间正交种为8.0 min、反交种为9.5 min,浸酸后的蚕种直接催青,或22℃调节3-4 h再转15℃调节13h、37 h、2.5 d后催青,或22℃调节16 h再转15℃调节1 d、2 d后催青,其实用孵化率均可达到93%以上;经干热空气处理的蚕种短期冷藏（保护至卵色呈赤豆色）和长期冷藏（保护至卵色呈固有色）后按常规浸酸,其实用孵化率也可达到93%以上,并且孵化蚁蚕的体质亦无不良影响。经双控干热空气设备处理的蚕种,蚕卵胚胎发育比正常条件下的蚕卵胚胎发育慢,故即时浸酸适期也要相应推迟;经干热空气处理后的蚕种依然耐冷藏,对孵化亦无不良影响。

Double-controlled dry-hot air treatment equipment can be applied to control pebrine disease disseminated through embryos during production of silkworm（ Bombyx mori） F1 hybrid eggs. In order to understand the influence of dry-hot air treatment on quality of silkworm eggs,dry-hot air treated silkworm eggs were subjected to conventional or non-conventional（ different acid treating time） acid-treatment and preservation under different conditions,and then hatchability of silkworm eggs and vi-tality of newly-hatched larvae were investigated to choose suitable acid treatment and preservation conditions. Results showed that,after dry-hot air treatment,the optimum time point for instant acid-treatment of silkworm eggs was 24 h after the eggs are laid and preserved at 25 ℃,the optimal soaking time was 8 min for forward-cross eggs and 9. 5 min for backward-cross eggs. After acid-treatment,if the silkworm eggs were incubated directly,or incubated after adaptation at22 ℃ for 3 to 4 h followed by preservation at 15 ℃ for 13 h,37 h and 2. 5 d,or incubated after adaptation at 22 ℃ for 16 h followed by preservation at 15 ℃ for 1 d and 2 d after acid-treatment,the practical hatchability of silkworm eggs could reach above 93%. If the dry-hot air treated eggs were subjected to conventional acid-treatment after short-term cold storage（ till the eggs are in red bean color） or long-term cold storage（ till the eggs are in their inherent color）,the practical hatchability of the treated eggs could also reach above 93%,and there was no adverse effect on the newlyhatched larvae. The embryos of silkworm eggs treated with double-controlled dry-hot air treatment equipment develop slower than those kept under normal condition. Therefore,the time point for instant acid-treatment should be postponed accordingly. The silkworm eggs treated by dry-hot air are still resistant to cold storage and their hatchability is not adversely affected.