“中医”作为学科概念的变迁过程及意义

The Evolution and Significance of the Disciplinary Concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine

"中医"是一个随着中国传统医学史的演进和医学实践的发展而不断变化、深化和丰富的概念。从学科的角度,分析"中医"从一个原初的医学概念,到一个具有等级层级的医学概念,再到一个表述与西医/现代医学某种程度上相对应的医学体系的概念的变迁过程;从主要表述单一的汉民族传统医学的概念演变为表述包括汉族和少数民族医药在内的中国各民族传统医药统称的概念的变迁过程;从"中医"一元格局,到中西医二元格局,再到大力发展中医、西医、中西医结合三支力量,实现"中医"独秀、"中西医"并存、中西医汇通、中西医结合等医学格局的变迁过程。通过引入"大中医""三分法""五要素""三融合"等创新性的医学理念、医学认识论和方法论,对未来医学的发展趋向和体系构建进行思考与展望,提出存异求同、和而不同、创建兼融传统医学与现代医学的新医学观点,表达构建中国传统医学新体系以及人类共同医学学科体系的期盼。

＂Traditional Chinese Medicine＂ （TCM, Zhong Yi） is a concept that keeps evolving with the change of times and clinical practice.Considering the thct that ＂TCM＂ is now an academic discipline in the field of medicine, here we reviewed not only the transition of the concept of ＂＇TCM＂ from a primitive and then hierarchical medical term to a relatively fhll-fledged one that is, to some extent, opposite to the concept of Western medicine or modern medicine, fi＇om a narrow medical term that is peculiar to Hart medicine to a broad one that pertains to Han medicine along with ethnic traditional medicines in China, but ＂also the transition of the development from merely highlighting TCM and then equally emphasizing TCM together with modern medicine to comprehensively converging TCM, modern medicine and integrative medicine, which contributes to the evolution fi＇om the independence of TCM, the coexistence of TCM and modern medicine, the confluence of TCM and modern medicine, and finally to the integration of TCM and modern medicine. In addition, we introduced pioneering medical concepts, epistemology and methodology such as Chinese Traditional Medicine （CTM, Da Zhong Yi）, Trichotomy（San Fen Fa）, Five I{ey Elements （Wu Yao Su） and Three^dimensional Integration （San Rong He）, proposed the potential future direction and system of medicine, and stressed the importance ofbeeking similarities while reserving differences as well as developing harmoniously with their own characteristics tot the purpose of establishing a brand new system of medicine harmoniously integrating traditional medicine and modern medicine, which would promisethe reconstruction of the system of Chinese traditional medicine along with a common system of medical discipline tbr mankind.