全面依法治国背景下的行政立法评估制度研究

Research on the Evaluation System for Administrative Legislation under the Background of the Law-Based Governance of the Country

习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中指出,全面依法治国必须坚持厉行法治,推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法。依法治国,立法先行。建立科学、民主、高效的立法机制,既要考虑到立法调整对象,合理界定其权利和义务,也要对立法的成本效益、实施效果以及经济、社会、环境的影响进行综合评估。成本收益分析作为一项重要的规制工具,在欧盟行政法中得到了广泛应用。成本收益分析是对拟议规制政策或其他法律行为可能产生的经济、社会和环境影响进行系统分析、评估的机制与过程。有效地运用成本收益分析,可以使政府在不同的备选方案中做出最优选择;改善行政立法的透明度和公众参与度,进而提高行政立法质量。通过思考和评析欧盟成本收益分析的理念制度,以期对我国构建行政立法成本收益分析制度提供借鉴作用。

In the report of the 19th CPC National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping stated that in fully advancing the law-based governance of the country we must adhere to the rule of law, promote scientific legislation, and emphasize strict law enforcement, fair justice, and law-abidingness in all our people. Legislation is the first issue involved in governing the country in accordance with the law. To establish a scientific, democratic and efficient legislative mechanism, we must take into account the parties affected by the legislative adjustment, reasonably define their rights and obligations, and comprehensively evaluate cost-effectiveness, implementation effects, and economic, social, and environmental impacts of legislation. As an important regulatory tool, cost-benefit analysis has been widely used in the EU administrative law. Cost-benefit analysis is a mechanism and process for systematic analysis and assessment of the economic, social, and environmental impacts by the proposed regulatory policies or other legal actions. The effective use of cost-benefit analysis allows the government to make optimal choices among different options, and increase the transparency of and public participation in the administrative legislation, thereby improving the quality of administrative legislation. By reviewing the idea and system of the EU cost-benefit analysis, it is expected to provide reference for establishing a cost-benefit analysis system for administrative legislation in China.