北京市生活垃圾焚烧炉渣重金属特性及其来源分析

Composition and source apportionment of heavy metals in bottom ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator in Beijing

以北京市某大型生活垃圾焚烧厂炉渣样品为研究对象,XRF分析测试结果显示,炉渣样品中存在的重金属元素包括:Ba、Zn、Mn、Cu、Cr和Ni等.ICP-MS定量分析结果显示炉渣中重金属含量为:Ba 1627.74 mg·kg^(-1)、Zn 2016.03 mg·kg^(-1)、Mn 622.39 mg·kg^(-1)、Cu 319.25 mg·kg^(-1)、Cr 287.14 mg·kg^(-1)、Pb 105.10 mg·kg^(-1)、Ni66.81 mg·kg^(-1).厨余、纸、塑料、木竹和织物TG(thermogravimetric analysis)分析结果显示,它们在800℃时可被充分焚烧掉.纸、塑料和织物被焚烧后,剩余残渣重量百分比分别为13.38%、13.45%和13.22%;木竹焚烧后,剩余残渣重量百分比为7.14%;厨余焚烧后,剩余残渣重量百分比为3.30%.5种原生垃圾焚烧残渣样品重金属分析测试结果显示,塑料类垃圾焚烧对炉渣中镍元素和铬元素含量贡献很大,由其来源的镍和铬分别占72.22%和68.70%;织物类垃圾焚烧对炉渣中锰元素含量贡献很大,由其来源的锰所占比重为57.01%;木竹、厨余和纸焚烧后对炉渣中的重金属影响比较小.

Heavy metal concentrations in the bottom ash from a large municipal solid waste incinerator in Beijing were determined. X-ray fluorescence analysis indicated that the main heavy metals in the ash were Ba,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,and Zn. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis was performed,and the Ba,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb,and Zn concentrations were 1627.74,287.14,319.25,622.39,66.81,105.10,and 2016.03 mg·kg-1,respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that kitchen waste,paper,plastic,wood,and fabric were completely combusted at 800 °C,and the residues were 3.30%,13.38%,13.45%,7.14%,and 13.22%,respectively,of the uncombusted weights. Heavy metal concentrations in the residues from the incineration of five different types of garbage were determined. Residue from the incineration of plastic contained high concentrations of Cr and Ni,and the plastic contributed 72. 22% and 68. 70% of the Cr and Ni concentrations,respectively, in the municipal solid waste incinerator ash. Residue from the incineration of fabric contained high concentrations of Mn,and the fabric contributed 57.01% of theMn concentration in the municipal solid waste incinerator ash. Wood,kitchen waste and paper contributed little to the heavy metal concentrations in the municipal solid waste incinerator ash.